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2004Nakagawa Ichiro; Amano Atsuo; Mizushima Noboru; Yamamoto Akitsugu; Yamaguchi Hitomi; Kamimoto Takahiro; Nara Atsuki; Funao Junko; Nakata Masanobu; Tsuda Kayoko; Hamada Shigeyuki; Yoshimori Tamotsu
Autophagy defends cells against invading group A Streptococcus.
Science (New York, N.Y.) 2004;306(5698):1037-40.
We found that the autophagic machinery could effectively eliminate pathogenic group A Streptococcus (GAS) within nonphagocytic cells. After escaping from endosomes into the cytoplasm, GAS became enveloped by autophagosome-like compartments and were killed upon fusion of these compartments with lysosomes. In autophagy-deficient Atg5-/- cells, GAS survived, multiplied, and were released from the cells. Thus, the autophagic machinery can act as an innate defense system against invading pathogens.

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