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2005: Joseph Serene A; Beliveau Claire; Muecke Cristin J; Rahme Elham; Soto Julio C; Flowerdew Gordon; Johnston Lynn; Langille Donald; Gyorkos Theresa W
Risk factors for cytomegalovirus seropositivity in a population of day care educators in Montréal, Canada.
Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2005;55(7):564-7.
BACKGROUND: Horizontal transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) is common in the day care setting. Day care educators appear to be at a high risk of infection; however, studies are limited. AIMS: To determine the proportion of CMV-seropositive female educators in the day care setting and to identify associated risk factors. METHODS: Educator- and day care-level risk factors for CMV seropositivity were obtained by questionnaires from day care educators and directors, respectively. Sera were collected from educators and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Significant independent risk factors for CMV seropositivity were determined using a multivariable logistic regression model which was fitted using the generalized estimating equation method. RESULTS: CMV seroprevalence in 473 female educators from 81 day care centers in Montréal, Canada, was 57%. Significant risk factors for CMV seropositivity were (i) increasing age (OR5-yr = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.05-1.35), (ii) low-income country of birth (OR = 10.23; 95% CI = 2.64-39.50) or middle-income country of birth (OR = 4.99; 95% CI = 2.39-10.40), (iii) having > or =2 children of their own (OR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.19-3.31) and (iv) child-to-educator ratio >6 (18-35 months old) in a day care center (OR = 1.87; 95% CI = 1.25-2.81). CONCLUSIONS: Day care educators have risks for CMV infection related to their work in the day care setting, as well as personal risk factors. A review of current guidelines for the prevention of CMV infection in day care is needed to ensure that recommendations are evidence based.

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