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2009: Han Quan-Bin; Zhou Yan; Feng Chao; Xu Gang; Huang Sheng-Xiong; Li Song-Lin; Qiao Chun-Feng; Song Jing-Zheng; Chang Donald C; Luo Kathy Q; Xu Hong-Xi
Bioassay guided discovery of apoptosis inducers from gamboge by high-speed counter-current chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 2009;877(4):401-7.
A screening system, composed of high-speed counter-current chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, was established to find bioactive lead compound. This system succeeded in discovering apoptosis inducers from gamboge, the resin of Garcinia hanburyi. High-speed counter-current chromatography was used to provide well-separated fractions for bioassay and the resulted active fractions were rapidly identified using high-pressure liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The solvent system of n-hexane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water was optimized to the ratio of 7:3:7:3 (v/v/v/v) by a K value analysis. As a result, two active fractions were obtained. They showed apoptosis inducing effects as potent as that of taxol (500 nM) at the concentration of 1 microg/ml. Gambogenic acid (72.1%) and epimeric isogambogic acids (25.3%) were identified in one of the fractions. The other active fraction mainly contained two epimeric mixtures, gambogic acids (68.7%) and gambogoic acids (26.9%). Among them, gambogenic acid, without epimerization, has priority to be lead compound.

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