Steven Shafer

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Doufas Anthony G; Komatsu Ryu; Orhan-Sungur Mukadder; Sengupta Papiya; Wadhwa Anupama; Mascha Edward; Shafer Steven L; Sessler Daniel I
Neuromuscular block differentially affects immobility and cortical activation at near-minimum alveolar concentration anesthesia.
Doufas Anthony G; Morioka Nobutada; Mahgoub Adel N; Bjorksten Andrew R; Shafer Steven L; Sessler Daniel I
Automated responsiveness monitor to titrate propofol sedation.
Angst Martin S; Chu Larry F; Tingle Martha S; Shafer Steven L; Clark J David; Drover David R
No evidence for the development of acute tolerance to analgesic, respiratory depressant and sedative opioid effects in humans.

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2009: Doufas Anthony G; Komatsu Ryu; Orhan-Sungur Mukadder; Sengupta Papiya; Wadhwa Anupama; Mascha Edward; Shafer Steven L; Sessler Daniel I
Neuromuscular block differentially affects immobility and cortical activation at near-minimum alveolar concentration anesthesia.
Anesthesia and analgesia 2009;109(4):1097-104.
2009: Doufas Anthony G; Morioka Nobutada; Mahgoub Adel N; Bjorksten Andrew R; Shafer Steven L; Sessler Daniel I
Automated responsiveness monitor to titrate propofol sedation.
Anesthesia and analgesia 2009;109(3):778-86.
2009: Angst Martin S; Chu Larry F; Tingle Martha S; Shafer Steven L; Clark J David; Drover David R
No evidence for the development of acute tolerance to analgesic, respiratory depressant and sedative opioid effects in humans.
Pain 2009;142(1-2):17-26.
2008: Eger Edmond I; Raines Douglas E; Shafer Steven L; Hemmings Hugh C; Sonner James M
Is a new paradigm needed to explain how inhaled anesthetics produce immobility?
Anesthesia and analgesia 2008;107(3):832-48.
2008: Eger Edmond I; Tang Michael; Liao Mark; Laster Michael J; Solt Ken; Flood Pamela; Jenkins Andrew; Raines Douglas; Hendrickx Jan F; Shafer Steven L; Yasumasa Tanifuji; Sonner James M
Inhaled anesthetics do not combine to produce synergistic effects regarding minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration in rats.
Anesthesia and analgesia 2008;107(2):479-85.
2008: Shafer S L; Stanski D R
Defining depth of anesthesia.
Handbook of experimental pharmacology 2008;(182):409-23.
2006: Hendrickx Jan F A; Lemmens Hendrikus J M; Shafer Steven L
Do distribution volumes and clearances relate to tissue volumes and blood flows? A computer simulation.
BMC anesthesiology 2006;6():7.
2005: Tzabazis Alexander; Klyukinov Michael; Manering Neil; Nemenov Michael I; Shafer Steven L; Yeomans David C
Differential activation of trigeminal C or Adelta nociceptors by infrared diode laser in rats: behavioral evidence.
Brain research 2005;1037(1-2):148-56.
2004: Kreuer Sascha; Bruhn Jörgen; Larsen Reinhard; Grundmann Ulrich; Shafer Steven L; Wilhelm Wolfram
Application of Bispectral Index and Narcotrend index to the measurement of the electroencephalographic effects of isoflurane with and without burst suppression.
Anesthesiology 2004;101(4):847-54.
2004: Bouillon Thomas W; Bruhn Jörgen; Radulescu Lucian; Andresen Corina; Shafer Thomas J; Cohane Carol; Shafer Steven L
Pharmacodynamic interaction between propofol and remifentanil regarding hypnosis, tolerance of laryngoscopy, bispectral index, and electroencephalographic approximate entropy.
Anesthesiology 2004;100(6):1353-72.
2004: Bouillon Thomas; Bruhn Joergen; Radu-Radulescu Lucian; Andresen Corina; Cohane Carol; Shafer Steven L
Mixed-effects modeling of the intrinsic ventilatory depressant potency of propofol in the non-steady state.
Anesthesiology 2004;100(2):240-50.
2003: Bouillon T; Garstka G; Stafforst D; Shafer S; Schwilden H; Hoeft A
Piritramide and alfentanil display similar respiratory depressant potency.
Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 2003;47(10):1231-41.
2003: Bouillon Thomas; Bruhn Joergen; Radu-Radulescu Lucian; Andresen Corina; Cohane Carol; Shafer Steven L
A model of the ventilatory depressant potency of remifentanil in the non-steady state.
Anesthesiology 2003;99(4):779-87.
2003: Minto Charles F; Schnider Thomas W; Gregg Keith M; Henthorn Thomas K; Shafer Steven L
Using the time of maximum effect site concentration to combine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Anesthesiology 2003;99(2):324-33.
2003: Eisenach James C; Hood David D; Curry Regina; Shafer Steven L
Cephalad movement of morphine and fentanyl in humans after intrathecal injection.
Anesthesiology 2003;99(1):166-73.
2003: Bruhn Jörgen; Bouillon Thomas W; Radulescu Lucian; Hoeft Andreas; Bertaccini Edward; Shafer Steven L
Correlation of approximate entropy, bispectral index, and spectral edge frequency 95 (SEF95) with clinical signs of "anesthetic depth" during coadministration of propofol and remifentanil.
Anesthesiology 2003;98(3):621-7.
2002: Bouillon Thomas; Bruhn Joergen; Radu-Radulescu Lucian; Bertaccini Edward; Park Sang; Shafer Steven
Non-steady state analysis of the pharmacokinetic interaction between propofol and remifentanil.
Anesthesiology 2002;97(6):1350-62.
2002: Hambleton Julie; Wages David; Radu-Radulescu Lucian; Adams Melanie; MacKenzie Malcolm; Shafer Steven; Lee Martin; Smyers Jocelyn; Wiesehahn Gary; Corash Laurence
Pharmacokinetic study of FFP photochemically treated with amotosalen (S-59) and UV light compared to FFP in healthy volunteers anticoagulated with warfarin.
Transfusion 2002;42(10):1302-7.
2002: Short Timothy G; Ho Tam Yuk; Minto Charles F; Schnider Thomas W; Shafer Steven L
Efficient trial design for eliciting a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model-based response surface describing the interaction between two intravenous anesthetic drugs.
Anesthesiology 2002;96(2):400-8.
2002: Bruhn Jörgen; Bouillon Thomas W; Hoeft Andreas; Shafer Steven L
Artifact robustness, inter- and intraindividual baseline stability, and rational EEG parameter selection.
Anesthesiology 2002;96(1):54-9.
2001: Barr J; Egan T D; Sandoval N F; Zomorodi K; Cohane C; Gambus P L; Shafer S L
Propofol dosing regimens for ICU sedation based upon an integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model.
Anesthesiology 2001;95(2):324-33.
2001: Barr J; Zomorodi K; Bertaccini E J; Shafer S L; Geller E
A double-blind, randomized comparison of i.v. lorazepam versus midazolam for sedation of ICU patients via a pharmacologic model.
Anesthesiology 2001;95(2):286-98.
2000: Minto C F; Schnider T W; Short T G; Gregg K M; Gentilini A; Shafer S L
Response surface model for anesthetic drug interactions.
Anesthesiology 2000;92(6):1603-16.
1999: Schnider T W; Minto C F; Shafer S L; Gambus P L; Andresen C; Goodale D B; Youngs E J
The influence of age on propofol pharmacodynamics.
Anesthesiology 1999;90(6):1502-16.
1998: Somma J; Donner A; Zomorodi K; Sladen R; Ramsay J; Geller E; Shafer S L
Population pharmacodynamics of midazolam administered by target controlled infusion in SICU patients after CABG surgery.
Anesthesiology 1998;89(6):1430-43.
1998: Zomorodi K; Donner A; Somma J; Barr J; Sladen R; Ramsay J; Geller E; Shafer S L
Population pharmacokinetics of midazolam administered by target controlled infusion for sedation following coronary artery bypass grafting.
Anesthesiology 1998;89(6):1418-29.
1998: Angst M S; Dyck J B; Azarnoff D L; Goldblum R; Ho B; Gfroerer T; Linton E A; Glynn B P; Shafer S L
Pharmacokinetics, cortisol release, and hemodynamics after intravenous and subcutaneous injection of human corticotropin-releasing factor in humans.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1998;64(5):499-510.
1998: Shafer S L; Eisenach J C; Hood D D; Tong C
Cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intrathecal neostigmine methylsulfate in humans.
Anesthesiology 1998;89(5):1074-88.
1998: Gambús P L; Schnider T W; Minto C F; Youngs E J; Billard V; Brose W G; Hochhaus G; Shafer S L
Pharmacokinetics of intravenous dynorphin A(1-13) in opioid-naive and opioid-treated human volunteers.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1998;64(1):27-38.
1998: Schnider T W; Minto C F; Gambus P L; Andresen C; Goodale D B; Shafer S L; Youngs E J
The influence of method of administration and covariates on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult volunteers.
Anesthesiology 1998;88(5):1170-82.
1997: Billard V; Gambus P L; Chamoun N; Stanski D R; Shafer S L
A comparison of spectral edge, delta power, and bispectral index as EEG measures of alfentanil, propofol, and midazolam drug effect.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1997;61(1):45-58.
1997: Minto C F; Schnider T W; Shafer S L
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. II. Model application.
Anesthesiology 1997;86(1):24-33.
1997: Minto C F; Schnider T W; Egan T D; Youngs E; Lemmens H J; Gambus P L; Billard V; Hoke J F; Moore K H; Hermann D J; Muir K T; Mandema J W; Shafer S L
Influence of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of remifentanil. I. Model development.
Anesthesiology 1997;86(1):10-23.
1996: Ginsberg B; Howell S; Glass P S; Margolis J O; Ross A K; Dear G L; Shafer S L
Pharmacokinetic model-driven infusion of fentanyl in children.
Anesthesiology 1996;85(6):1268-75.
1996: Hung O R; Dyck J B; Varvel J; Shafer S L; Stanski D R
Comparative absorption kinetics of intramuscular midazolam and diazepam.
Canadian journal of anaesthesia = Journal canadien d'anesthésie 1996;43(5 Pt 1):450-5.
1996: Shafer S L; Gambús P L
Inhalation versus intravenous anesthesia: a fictitious debate between E.I. Eger II and P.F. White.
Journal of clinical anesthesia 1996;8(3 Suppl):38S-41S.
1996: Schnider T W; Gaeta R; Brose W; Minto C F; Gregg K M; Shafer S L
Derivation and cross-validation of pharmacokinetic parameters for computer-controlled infusion of lidocaine in pain therapy.
Anesthesiology 1996;84(5):1043-50.
1996: Egan T D; Minto C F; Hermann D J; Barr J; Muir K T; Shafer S L
Remifentanil versus alfentanil: comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in healthy adult male volunteers.
Anesthesiology 1996;84(4):821-33.
1996: Schnider T W; Minto C F; Fiset P; Gregg K M; Shafer S L
Semilinear canonical correlation applied to the measurement of the electroencephalographic effects of midazolam and flumazenil reversal.
Anesthesiology 1996;84(3):510-9.
1995: Fiset P; Lemmens H L; Egan T D; Shafer S L; Stanski D R;
Pharmacodynamic modeling of the electroencephalographic effects of flumazenil in healthy volunteers sedated with midazolam.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1995;58(5):567-82.
1995: Fiset P; Mathers L; Engstrom R; Fitzgerald D; Brand S C; Hsu F; Shafer S L
Pharmacokinetics of computer-controlled alfentanil administration in children undergoing cardiac surgery.
Anesthesiology 1995;83(5):944-55.
1995: Schnider T W; Shafer S L
Evolving clinically useful predictors of recovery from intravenous anesthetics.
Anesthesiology 1995;83(5):902-5.
1995: Gambús P L; Gregg K M; Shafer S L
Validation of the alfentanil canonical univariate parameter as a measure of opioid effect on the electroencephalogram.
Anesthesiology 1995;83(4):747-56.
1995: Fiset P; Cohane C; Browne S; Brand S C; Shafer S L
Biopharmaceutics of a new transdermal fentanyl device.
Anesthesiology 1995;83(3):459-69.
1995: Hung O R; Whynot S C; Varvel J R; Shafer S L; Mezei M
Pharmacokinetics of inhaled liposome-encapsulated fentanyl.
Anesthesiology 1995;83(2):277-84.
1995: Gronert G A; Fung D L; Jones J H; Shafer S L; Hildebrand S V; Disbrow E A
Allometry of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the muscle relaxant metocurine in mammals.
The American journal of physiology 1995;268(1 Pt 2):R85-91.
1995: Howell S; Shafer S L; Reves J G; Sladen R
Clinical drug level predictions and practice.
International anesthesiology clinics 1995;33(3):91-100.
1994: Youngs E J; Shafer S L
Pharmacokinetic parameters relevant to recovery from opioids.
Anesthesiology 1994;81(4):833-42.
1994: Lemmens H J; Dyck J B; Shafer S L; Stanski D R
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling in drug development: application to the investigational opioid trefentanil.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1994;56(3):261-71.
1994: Kataria B K; Ved S A; Nicodemus H F; Hoy G R; Lea D; Dubois M Y; Mandema J W; Shafer S L
The pharmacokinetics of propofol in children using three different data analysis approaches.
Anesthesiology 1994;80(1):104-22.
1993: Shafer S L
Advances in propofol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Journal of clinical anesthesia 1993;5(6 Suppl 1):14S-21S.
1993: Egan T D; Lemmens H J; Fiset P; Hermann D J; Muir K T; Stanski D R; Shafer S L
The pharmacokinetics of the new short-acting opioid remifentanil (GI87084B) in healthy adult male volunteers.
Anesthesiology 1993;79(5):881-92.
1993: Dyck J B; Maze M; Haack C; Azarnoff D L; Vuorilehto L; Shafer S L
Computer-controlled infusion of intravenous dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in adult human volunteers.
Anesthesiology 1993;78(5):821-8.
1993: Dyck J B; Maze M; Haack C; Vuorilehto L; Shafer S L
The pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects of intravenous and intramuscular dexmedetomidine hydrochloride in adult human volunteers.
Anesthesiology 1993;78(5):813-20.
1993: Zornow M H; Maze M; Dyck J B; Shafer S L
Dexmedetomidine decreases cerebral blood flow velocity in humans.
Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 1993;13(2):350-3.
1992: Gregg K M; Varvel J R; Shafer S L
Application of semilinear canonical correlation to the measurement of opioid drug effect.
Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics 1992;20(6):611-35.
1992: Hung O R; Varvel J R; Shafer S L; Stanski D R
Thiopental pharmacodynamics. II. Quantitation of clinical and electroencephalographic depth of anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 1992;77(2):237-44.
1992: Bührer M; Maitre P O; Hung O R; Ebling W F; Shafer S L; Stanski D R
Thiopental pharmacodynamics. I. Defining the pseudo-steady-state serum concentration-EEG effect relationship.
Anesthesiology 1992;77(2):226-36.
1992: Gustafsson L L; Ebling W F; Osaki E; Harapat S; Stanski D R; Shafer S L
Plasma concentration clamping in the rat using a computer-controlled infusion pump.
Pharmaceutical research 1992;9(6):800-7.
1992: Shafer S L; Gregg K M
Algorithms to rapidly achieve and maintain stable drug concentrations at the site of drug effect with a computer-controlled infusion pump.
Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics 1992;20(2):147-69.
1992: Varvel J R; Donoho D L; Shafer S L
Measuring the predictive performance of computer-controlled infusion pumps.
Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics 1992;20(1):63-94.
1991: Shafer S L; Varvel J R
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and rational opioid selection.
Anesthesiology 1991;74(1):53-63.
1990: Shafer S L; Varvel J R; Aziz N; Scott J C
Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl administered by computer-controlled infusion pump.
Anesthesiology 1990;73(6):1091-102.
1990: Maitre P O; Shafer S L
A simple pocket calculator approach to predict anesthetic drug concentrations from pharmacokinetic data.
Anesthesiology 1990;73(2):332-6.
1990: Raemer D B; Buschman A; Varvel J R; Philip B K; Johnson M D; Stein D A; Shafer S L
The prospective use of population pharmacokinetics in a computer-driven infusion system for alfentanil.
Anesthesiology 1990;73(1):66-72.
1990: Maitre P O; Bührer M; Shafer S L; Stanski D R
Estimating the rate of thiopental blood-brain equilibration using pseudo steady state serum concentrations.
Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics 1990;18(3):175-87.
1990: Jacobs J R; Shafer S L; Larsen J L; Hawkins E D
Two equally valid interpretations of the linear multicompartment mammillary pharmacokinetic model.
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences 1990;79(4):331-3.
1989: Shafer S L; Varvel J R; Gronert G A
A comparison of parametric with semiparametric analysis of the concentration versus effect relationship of metocurine in dogs and pigs.
Journal of pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics 1989;17(3):291-304.
1989: Gronert G A; White D A; Shafer S L; Matteo R S
Exercise produces sensitivity to metocurine.
Anesthesiology 1989;70(6):973-7.
1989: Varvel J R; Shafer S L; Hwang S S; Coen P A; Stanski D R
Absorption characteristics of transdermally administered fentanyl.
Anesthesiology 1989;70(6):928-34.
1989: Siegel L C; Pearl R G; Shafer S L; Ream A K; Prielipp R C
The longitudinal distribution of pulmonary vascular resistance during unilateral hypoxia.
Anesthesiology 1989;70(3):527-32.
1988: Siegel L C; Shafer S L; Martinez G M; Ream A K; Scott J C
Simultaneous measurements of cardiac output by thermodilution, esophageal Doppler, and electrical impedance in anesthetized patients.
Journal of cardiothoracic anesthesia 1988;2(5):590-5.
1988: Shafer A; Doze V A; Shafer S L; White P F
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol infusions during general anesthesia.
Anesthesiology 1988;69(3):348-56.
1988: Shafer S L; Siegel L C; Cooke J E; Scott J C
Testing computer-controlled infusion pumps by simulation.
Anesthesiology 1988;68(2):261-6.

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