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William Shafer

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Living Beings

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Chemicals & Drugs

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Molecular Sequence Data

Physiology

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Amino Acid Sequences

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Publications

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Maira Goytia; Vijaya L Dhulipala; William M Shafer
Spermine impairs biofilm formation by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Jason M Cloward; William M Shafer
MtrR control of a transcriptional regulatory pathway in Neisseria meningitidis that influences expression of a gene (nadA) encoding a vaccine candidate.
Lisa A Lewis; Sanjay Ram; Tathagat Dutta Ray; William M Shafer; Peter A Rice
Phosphoethanolamine residues on the lipid A moiety of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide modulate binding of complement inhibitors and resistance to complement killing.

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All Publications

2013: Maira Goytia; Vijaya L Dhulipala; William M Shafer
Spermine impairs biofilm formation by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
FEMS microbiology letters 2013;343(1):64-9.
2013: Jason M Cloward; William M Shafer
MtrR control of a transcriptional regulatory pathway in Neisseria meningitidis that influences expression of a gene (nadA) encoding a vaccine candidate.
PloS one 2013;8(2):e56097.
2013: Lisa A Lewis; Sanjay Ram; Tathagat Dutta Ray; William M Shafer; Peter A Rice
Phosphoethanolamine residues on the lipid A moiety of Neisseria gonorrhoeae lipooligosaccharide modulate binding of complement inhibitors and resistance to complement killing.
Infection and immunity 2013;81(1):33-42.
2012: Anjali N Kunz; James M Robinson; William M Shafer; Hong Wu; Margaret C Bash; Afrin A Begum; Jonathan A D'Ambrozio; Ann E Jerse
Impact of fluoroquinolone resistance mutations on gonococcal fitness and in vivo selection for compensatory mutations.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2012;205(12):1821-9.
2012: Alexandra Dubon Mercante; David W Dyer; Lydgia Jackson; Paul J T Johnson; Virginia A Stringer; William M Shafer
MpeR regulates the mtr efflux locus in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and modulates antimicrobial resistance by an iron-responsive mechanism.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2012;56(3):1491-501.
2012: Yaramah M Zalucki; Vijaya Dhulipala; William M Shafer
Dueling regulatory properties of a transcriptional activator (MtrA) and repressor (MtrR) that control efflux pump gene expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
mBio 2012;3(6):e00446-12.
2011: Aimee Hollander; Alexandra Dubon Mercante; William M Shafer; Cynthia Nau Cornelissen
The iron-repressed, AraC-like regulator MpeR activates expression of fetA in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Infection and immunity 2011;79(12):4764-76.
2011: Yaramah M Zalucki; William M Shafer; Michael P Jennings
Directed evolution of efficient secretion in the SRP-dependent export of TolB.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2011;1808(10):2544-50.
2011: Magnus Unemo; William M Shafer
Antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: origin, evolution, and lessons learned for the future.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2011;1230():E19-28.
2011: David L Reed; Alberto Severini; William M Shafer; Paul M Sharp; Guido Silvestri; Steven A Sullivan; Shaun Tyler; Magnus Unemo; Shelley F Walton; Jane M Carlton; Ian N Clarke; Melissa Conrad; Russell W Currier; Andrew J Davison; R Eberle; Beatrice H Hahn; Welkin E Johnson; Teresa Lagergård; Sheila A Lukehart; Peter Norberg; Timothy D Read; R Palmer Beasley; Tomas Bergström; Jonas Blomberg
The evolution of infectious agents in relation to sex in animals and humans: brief discussions of some individual organisms.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2011;1230():74-107.
2011: Paul J T Johnson; Virginia A Stringer; William M Shafer
Off-target gene regulation mediated by transcriptional repressors of antimicrobial efflux pump genes in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2011;55(6):2559-65.
2011: Elizabeth A Ohneck; Magnus Unemo; Yaramah M Zalucki; Vijaya Dhulipala; Daniel Golparian; Ann E Jerse; Paul J T Johnson; William M Shafer
A novel mechanism of high-level, broad-spectrum antibiotic resistance caused by a single base pair change in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
mBio 2011;2(5):.
2011: Jacqueline T Balthazar; Russell Carlson; Biswa Choudhury; Asiya Gusa; Larry E Martin; William M Shafer
Lipooligosaccharide Structure is an Important Determinant in the Resistance of Neisseria Gonorrhoeae to Antimicrobial Agents of Innate Host Defense.
Frontiers in microbiology 2011;2():30.
2011: Marcia M Hobbs; Myron S Cohen; Carolyn D Deal; William M Shafer; P Frederick Sparling; Ann E Jerse
Experimental Gonococcal Infection in Male Volunteers: Cumulative Experience with Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains FA1090 and MS11mkC.
Frontiers in microbiology 2011;2():123.
2011: Mathew D Routh; William M Shafer; Chih-Chia Su; Yaramah Zalucki; Qijing Zhang; Edward W Yu
Efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division family: a perspective of their structure, function, and regulation in gram-negative bacteria.
Advances in enzymology and related areas of molecular biology 2011;77():109-46.
2011: William M Shafer; Elizabeth A Ohneck
Taking the gonococcus-human relationship to a whole new level: implications for the coevolution of microbes and humans.
mBio 2011;2(3):e00067-11.
2010: Dorothea Zähner; Xiaoliu Zhou; Scott T Chancey; Jan Pohl; William M Shafer; David S Stephens
Human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 induces MefE/Mel-mediated macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2010;54(8):3516-9.
2010: Maira Goytia; William M Shafer
Polyamines can increase resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to mediators of the innate human host defense.
Infection and immunity 2010;78(7):3187-95.
2010: Brea D Duval; Anselmo Mathew; Sarah W Satola; William M Shafer
Altered growth, pigmentation, and antimicrobial susceptibility properties of Staphylococcus aureus due to loss of the major cold shock gene cspB.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2010;54(6):2283-90.
2010: Susu M Zughaier; Pavel Svoboda; Jan Pohl; David S Stephens; William M Shafer
The human host defense peptide LL-37 interacts with Neisseria meningitidis capsular polysaccharides and inhibits inflammatory mediators release.
PloS one 2010;5(10):e13627.
2010: Nazia Kamal; William M Shafer
Biologic activities of the TolC-like protein of Neisseria meningitidis as assessed by functional complementation in Escherichia coli.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2010;54(1):506-8.
2009: Lisa A Lewis; Biswa Choudhury; Jacqueline T Balthazar; Larry E Martin; Sanjay Ram; Peter A Rice; David S Stephens; Russell W Carlson; William M Shafer
Phosphoethanolamine substitution of lipid A and resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to cationic antimicrobial peptides and complement-mediated killing by normal human serum.
Infection and immunity 2009;77(3):1112-20.
2009: Jason Folster; Paul J T Johnson; Lydgia Jackson; Vijaya Dhulipali; David W Dyer; William M Shafer
MtrR modulates rpoH expression and levels of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal of bacteriology 2009;191(1):287-97.
2008: Douglas M Warner; William M Shafer; Ann E Jerse
Clinically relevant mutations that cause derepression of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae MtrC-MtrD-MtrE Efflux pump system confer different levels of antimicrobial resistance and in vivo fitness.
Molecular microbiology 2008;70(2):462-78.
2008: Feng Long; Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin; William M Shafer; Edward W Yu
Functional cloning and characterization of the multidrug efflux pumps NorM from Neisseria gonorrhoeae and YdhE from Escherichia coli.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2008;52(9):3052-60.
2008: Lotisha E Garvin; Margaret C Bash; Christine Keys; Douglas M Warner; Sanjay Ram; William M Shafer; Ann E Jerse
Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates that express frequently recovered PorB PIA variable region types suggest that certain P1a porin sequences confer a selective advantage for urogenital tract infection.
Infection and immunity 2008;76(8):3700-9.
2008: Chih-Chia Su; Feng Long; Gerry McDermott; William M Shafer; Edward W Yu
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the multidrug efflux transporter NorM from Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 2008;64(Pt 4):289-92.
2007: Douglas M Warner; Jason Folster; William M Shafer; Ann E Jerse
Regulation of the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE efflux-pump system modulates the in vivo fitness of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2007;196(12):1804-12.
2007: Nazia Kamal; Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin; William M Shafer
The TolC-like protein of neisseria meningitidis is required for extracellular production of the repeats-in-toxin toxin FrpC but not for resistance to antimicrobials recognized by the Mtr efflux pump system.
Infection and immunity 2007;75(12):6008-12.
2007: Alexandra Friedrich; Cindy Grove Arvidson; William M Shafer; Eun-Hee Lee; Magdalene So
Two ABC transporter operons and the antimicrobial resistance gene mtrF are pilT responsive in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal of bacteriology 2007;189(14):5399-402.
2007: Jason Folster; Vijaya Dhulipala; Robert A Nicholas; William M Shafer
Differential regulation of ponA and pilMNOPQ expression by the MtrR transcriptional regulatory protein in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal of bacteriology 2007;189(13):4569-77.
2006: Eun-Hee Lee; Stuart A Hill; Ruth Napier; William M Shafer
Integration Host Factor is required for FarR repression of the farAB-encoded efflux pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Molecular microbiology 2006;60(6):1381-400.
2006: William M Shafer; Jason Folster
Towards an understanding of chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: evidence for a porin-efflux pump collaboration.
Journal of bacteriology 2006;188(7):2297-9.
2005: Samuel Katzif; Eun-Hee Lee; Anthony B Law; Yih-Ling Tzeng; William M Shafer
CspA regulates pigment production in Staphylococcus aureus through a SigB-dependent mechanism.
Journal of bacteriology 2005;187(23):8181-4.
2005: Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin; Jacqueline T Balthazar; William M Shafer
Characterization of the MacA-MacB efflux system in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2005;56(5):856-60.
2005: Susu M Zughaier; William M Shafer; David S Stephens
Antimicrobial peptides and endotoxin inhibit cytokine and nitric oxide release but amplify respiratory burst response in human and murine macrophages.
Cellular microbiology 2005;7(9):1251-62.
2005: Yih-Ling Tzeng; Karita D Ambrose; Susu M Zughaier; Xiaoliu Zhou; Yoon K Miller; William M Shafer; David S Stephens
Cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance in Neisseria meningitidis.
Journal of bacteriology 2005;187(15):5387-96.
2005: Andrew W Rasmussen; Heather L Alexander; Donna Perkins-Balding; William M Shafer; Igor Stojiljkovic
Resistance of neisseria meningitidis to the toxic effects of heme iron and other hydrophobic agents requires expression of ght.
Journal of bacteriology 2005;187(15):5214-23.
2005: Katherine M Hoffmann; Daniel Williams; William M Shafer; Richard G Brennan
Characterization of the multiple transferable resistance repressor, MtrR, from Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal of bacteriology 2005;187(14):5008-12.
2005: Jason Folster; William M Shafer
Regulation of mtrF expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its role in high-level antimicrobial resistance.
Journal of bacteriology 2005;187(11):3713-20.
2004: Magdalena Sieprawska-Lupa; Piotr M Mydel; Katarzyna Krawczyk; Katarzyna Wójcik; Magdalena Puklo; Boguslaw Lupa; Piotr Suder; Jerzy Silberring; Matthew Reed; jan pohl; William M Shafer; Fionnuala McAleese; Timothy Foster; James Travis; Jan Potempa
Degradation of human antimicrobial peptide LL-37 by Staphylococcus aureus-derived proteinases.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2004;48(12):4673-9.
2004: J Bozja; Kyungcheol Yi; William M Shafer; Igor Stojiljkovic
Porphyrin-based compounds exert antibacterial action against the sexually transmitted pathogens Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Haemophilus ducreyi.
International journal of antimicrobial agents 2004;24(6):578-84.
2004: Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin; Jacqueline T Balthazar; Stuart A Hill; William M Shafer
Modulation of the mtrCDE-encoded efflux pump gene complex of Neisseria meningitidis due to a Correia element insertion sequence.
Molecular microbiology 2004;54(3):731-41.
2004: Carlos A Rivera-Marrero; Julie Stewart; William M Shafer; Jesse Roman
The down-regulation of cathepsin G in THP-1 monocytes after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is associated with increased intracellular survival of bacilli.
Infection and immunity 2004;72(10):5712-21.
2004: Ching-Ju Chen; Deborah M Tobiason; Christopher E Thomas; William M Shafer; H Steven Seifert; P Frederick Sparling
A mutant form of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilus secretin protein PilQ allows increased entry of heme and antimicrobial compounds.
Journal of bacteriology 2004;186(3):730-9.
2003: Eun-Hee Lee; Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin; Jason Folster; William M Shafer
FarR regulates the farAB-encoded efflux pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae via an MtrR regulatory mechanism.
Journal of bacteriology 2003;185(24):7145-52.
2003: David L Cox; Yongcheng Sun; Hsi Liu; Robert I Lehrer; William M Shafer
Susceptibility of Treponema pallidum to host-derived antimicrobial peptides.
Peptides 2003;24(11):1741-6.
2003: Ann E Jerse; Nirmala D Sharma; Amy N Simms; Emily T Crow; Lori A S Snyder; William M Shafer
A gonococcal efflux pump system enhances bacterial survival in a female mouse model of genital tract infection.
Infection and immunity 2003;71(10):5576-82.
2003: Samuel Katzif; Damien Danavall; Samera Bowers; Jacqueline T Balthazar; William M Shafer
The major cold shock gene, cspA, is involved in the susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to an antimicrobial peptide of human cathepsin G.
Infection and immunity 2003;71(8):4304-12.
2003: Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin; Steven A Dunham; Michael Kuhn; Jacqueline T Balthazar; William M Shafer
The NorM efflux pump of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis recognizes antimicrobial cationic compounds.
Journal of bacteriology 2003;185(3):1101-6.
2003: Lori A S Snyder; William M Shafer; Nigel J Saunders
Divergence and transcriptional analysis of the division cell wall (dcw) gene cluster in Neisseria spp.
Molecular microbiology 2003;47(2):431-42.
2003: Pawel Mak; jan pohl; Adam Dubin; Matthew S Reed; Samera E Bowers; Michael T Fallon; William M Shafer
The increased bactericidal activity of a fatty acid-modified synthetic antimicrobial peptide of human cathepsin G correlates with its enhanced capacity to interact with model membranes.
International journal of antimicrobial agents 2003;21(1):13-9.
2003: Wendy L Veal; William M Shafer
Identification of a cell envelope protein (MtrF) involved in hydrophobic antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2003;51(1):27-37.
2002: Wendy L Veal; Robert A Nicholas; William M Shafer
Overexpression of the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE efflux pump due to an mtrR mutation is required for chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal of bacteriology 2002;184(20):5619-24.
2002: Corinne Rouquette-Loughlin; Igor Stojiljkovic; Tara Hrobowski; Jacqueline T Balthazar; William M Shafer
Inducible, but not constitutive, resistance of gonococci to hydrophobic agents due to the MtrC-MtrD-MtrE efflux pump requires TonB-ExbB-ExbD proteins.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 2002;46(2):561-5.
2002: William M Shafer; Anup Datta; V S Kumar Kolli; M Mahbubur Rahman; Jacqueline T Balthazar; Larry E Martin; Wendy L Veal; David S Stephens; Russell W Carlson
Phase variable changes in genes lgtA and lgtC within the lgtABCDE operon of Neisseria gonorrhoeae can modulate gonococcal susceptibility to normal human serum.
Journal of endotoxin research 2002;8(1):47-58.
2002: William M Shafer; Samuel Katzif; S Bowers; M Fallon; M Hubalek; M S Reed; P Veprek; J Pohl
Tailoring an antibacterial peptide of human lysosomal cathepsin G to enhance its broad-spectrum action against antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens.
Current pharmaceutical design 2002;8(9):695-702.
2001: L Zarantonelli; G Borthagaray; Eun-Hee Lee; Wendy L Veal; William M Shafer
Decreased susceptibility to azithromycin and erythromycin mediated by a novel mtr(R) promoter mutation in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy 2001;47(5):651-4.
2001: William M Shafer; Wendy L Veal; Eun-Hee Lee; L Zarantonelli; Jacqueline T Balthazar; C Rouquette
Genetic organization and regulation of antimicrobial efflux systems possessed by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis.
Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnology 2001;3(2):219-24.
2001: Lori A S Snyder; Nigel J Saunders; William M Shafer
A putatively phase variable gene (dca) required for natural competence in Neisseria gonorrhoeae but not Neisseria meningitidis is located within the division cell wall (dcw) gene cluster.
Journal of bacteriology 2001;183(4):1233-41.
2000: Minsheng Xia; William L H Whittington; William M Shafer; King K Holmes
Gonorrhea among men who have sex with men: outbreak caused by a single genotype of erythromycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with a single-base pair deletion in the mtrR promoter region.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2000;181(6):2080-2.
1999: L Zarantonelli; G Borthagaray; Eun-Hee Lee; William M Shafer
Decreased azithromycin susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae due to mtrR mutations.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 1999;43(10):2468-72.
1999: M T Fallon; William M Shafer; E Jacob
Use of cefazolin microspheres to treat localized methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in rats.
The Journal of surgical research 1999;86(1):97-102.
1999: Eun-Hee Lee; William M Shafer
The farAB-encoded efflux pump mediates resistance of gonococci to long-chained antibacterial fatty acids.
Molecular microbiology 1999;33(4):839-45.
1999: C Rouquette; J B Harmon; William M Shafer
Induction of the mtrCDE-encoded efflux pump system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae requires MtrA, an AraC-like protein.
Molecular microbiology 1999;33(3):651-8.
1998: Wendy L Veal; A Yellen; Jacqueline T Balthazar; W Pan; B G Spratt; William M Shafer
Loss-of-function mutations in the mtr efflux system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Microbiology (Reading, England) 1998;144 ( Pt 3)():621-7.
1998: William M Shafer; X Qu; A J Waring; R I Lehrer
Modulation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptibility to vertebrate antibacterial peptides due to a member of the resistance/nodulation/division efflux pump family.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1998;95(4):1829-33.
1997: R M Delahay; Brian D Robertson; Jacqueline T Balthazar; William M Shafer; Catherine A Ison
Involvement of the gonococcal MtrE protein in the resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to toxic hydrophobic agents.
Microbiology (Reading, England) 1997;143 ( Pt 7)():2127-33.
1997: K E Hagman; C E Lucas; Jacqueline T Balthazar; Lori A S Snyder; M Nilles; Ralph C Judd; William M Shafer
The MtrD protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a member of the resistance/nodulation/division protein family constituting part of an efflux system.
Microbiology (Reading, England) 1997;143 ( Pt 7)():2117-25.
1997: C E Lucas; Jacqueline T Balthazar; K E Hagman; William M Shafer
The MtrR repressor binds the DNA sequence between the mtrR and mtrC genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal of bacteriology 1997;179(13):4123-8.
1997: XD Qu; SS Harwig; William M Shafer; Robert I Lehrer
Protegrin structure and activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Infection and immunity 1997;65(2):636-9.
1996: D C Marchion; D S Manning; William M Shafer; Ralph C Judd
Generation of antiserum to specific epitopes.
Molecular biotechnology 1996;6(3):231-40.
1996: William M Shafer; F Hubalek; M Huang; J Pohl
Bactericidal activity of a synthetic peptide (CG 117-136) of human lysosomal cathepsin G is dependent on arginine content.
Infection and immunity 1996;64(11):4842-5.
1996: XD Qu; S S Harwig; A M Oren; William M Shafer; Robert I Lehrer
Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to protegrins.
Infection and immunity 1996;64(4):1240-5.
1995: JS Swartley; Jacqueline T Balthazar; J Coleman; William M Shafer; David S Stephens
Membrane glycerophospholipid biosynthesis in Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae: identification, characterization, and mutagenesis of a lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase.
Molecular microbiology 1995;18(3):401-12.
1995: K E Hagman; William M Shafer
Transcriptional control of the mtr efflux system of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Journal of bacteriology 1995;177(14):4162-5.
1995: C E Lucas; K E Hagman; J C Levin; Daniel C. Stein; William M Shafer
Importance of lipooligosaccharide structure in determining gonococcal resistance to hydrophobic antimicrobial agents resulting from the mtr efflux system.
Molecular microbiology 1995;16(5):1001-9.
1995: William M Shafer; Jacqueline T Balthazar; K E Hagman; S A Morse
Missense mutations that alter the DNA-binding domain of the MtrR protein occur frequently in rectal isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that are resistant to faecal lipids.
Microbiology (Reading, England) 1995;141 ( Pt 4)():907-11.
1995: K E Hagman; W Pan; B G Spratt; Jacqueline T Balthazar; Ralph C Judd; William M Shafer
Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial hydrophobic agents is modulated by the mtrRCDE efflux system.
Microbiology (Reading, England) 1995;141 ( Pt 3)():611-22.
1993: KT Miyasaki; A L Bodeau; J Pohl; William M Shafer
Bactericidal activities of synthetic human leukocyte cathepsin G-derived antibiotic peptides and congeners against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga sputigena.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 1993;37(12):2710-5.
1993: William M Shafer; M E Shepherd; B Boltin; Robert Lance Wells; J Pohl
Synthetic peptides of human lysosomal cathepsin G with potent antipseudomonal activity.
Infection and immunity 1993;61(5):1900-8.
1991: William M Shafer; Ralph C Judd
Gonococcal penicillin-binding protein 3 and the surface-exposed 44kDa peptidoglycan-binding protein appear to be the same molecule.
Molecular microbiology 1991;5(5):1097-103.
1991: Ralph C Judd; J C Strange; R K Pettit; William M Shafer
Identification and characterization of a conserved outer-membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Molecular microbiology 1991;5(5):1091-6.
1991: William M Shafer; J Pohl; V C Onunka; N Bangalore; James Travis
Human lysosomal cathepsin G and granzyme B share a functionally conserved broad spectrum antibacterial peptide.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1991;266(1):112-6.
1990: H Anne Pereira; J K Spitznagel; Elliott F Winton; William M Shafer; Larry E Martin; G S Guzman; J Pohl; R W Scott; M N Marra; J M Kinkade
The ontogeny of a 57-Kd cationic antimicrobial protein of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes: localization to a novel granule population.
Blood 1990;76(4):825-34.
1990: N Bangalore; James Travis; V C Onunka; J Pohl; William M Shafer
Identification of the primary antimicrobial domains in human neutrophil cathepsin G.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1990;265(23):13584-8.
1990: William M Shafer; V C Onunka; M Jannoun; L W Huthwaite
Molecular mechanism for the antigonococcal action of lysosomal cathepsin G.
Molecular microbiology 1990;4(8):1269-77.
1990: H Anne Pereira; William M Shafer; J Pohl; Larry E Martin; J K Spitznagel
CAP37, a human neutrophil-derived chemotactic factor with monocyte specific activity.
The Journal of clinical investigation 1990;85(5):1468-76.
1989: Ralph C Judd; William M Shafer
Topographical alterations in proteins I of Neisseria gonorrhoeae correlated with lipooligosaccharide variation.
Molecular microbiology 1989;3(5):637-43.
1989: William M Shafer; V C Onunka
Mechanism of staphylococcal resistance to non-oxidative antimicrobial action of neutrophils: importance of pH and ionic strength in determining the bactericidal action of cathepsin G.
Journal of general microbiology 1989;135(4):825-30.
1989: R F Rest; William M Shafer
Interactions of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with human neutrophils.
Clinical microbiology reviews 1989;2 Suppl():S83-91.
1989: William M Shafer; R F Rest
Interactions of gonococci with phagocytic cells.
Annual review of microbiology 1989;43():121-45.
1988: Monica M Farley; William M Shafer; J K Spitznagel
Lipopolysaccharide structure determines ionic and hydrophobic binding of a cationic antimicrobial neutrophil granule protein.
Infection and immunity 1988;56(6):1589-92.
1988: William M Shafer
Lipopolysaccharide masking of gonococcal outer-membrane proteins modulates binding of bacterial cathepsin G to gonococci.
Journal of general microbiology 1988;134(3):539-45.
1988: C Ray; M Igo; William M Shafer; Richard Losick; Charles P Moran
Suppression of ctc promoter mutations in Bacillus subtilis.
Journal of bacteriology 1988;170(2):900-7.
1988: William M Shafer; S A Engle; Larry E Martin; J K Spitznagel
Killing of Proteus mirabilis by polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule proteins: evidence for species specificity by antimicrobial proteins.
Infection and immunity 1988;56(1):51-3.
1987: K B Register; Caroyn H Davis; Priscilla B Wyrick; William M Shafer; J K Spitznagel
Nonoxidative antimicrobial effects of human polymorphonuclear leukocyte granule proteins on Chlamydia spp. in vitro.
Infection and immunity 1987;55(10):2420-7.
1987: David S Stephens; William M Shafer
Evidence that the serum resistance genetic locus sac-3 of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is involved in lipopolysaccharide structure.
Journal of general microbiology 1987;133(9):2671-8.
1987: J K Spitznagel; H Anne Pereira; Larry E Martin; G S Guzman; William M Shafer
A monoclonal antibody that inhibits the antimicrobial action of a 57 KD cationic protein of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 1987;139(4):1291-6.
1987: Monica M Farley; William M Shafer; J K Spitznagel
Antimicrobial binding of a radiolabeled cationic neutrophil granule protein.
Infection and immunity 1987;55(6):1536-9.
1987: William M Shafer; S A Morse
Cleavage of the protein III and major iron-regulated protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae by lysosomal cathepsin G.
Journal of general microbiology 1987;133(1):155-62.
1986: William M Shafer; V C Onunka; Larry E Martin
Antigonococcal activity of human neutrophil cathepsin G.
Infection and immunity 1986;54(1):184-8.
1986: William M Shafer; Larry E Martin; J K Spitznagel
Late intraphagosomal hydrogen ion concentration favors the in vitro antimicrobial capacity of a 37-kilodalton cationic granule protein of human neutrophil granulocytes.
Infection and immunity 1986;53(3):651-5.
1986: William M Shafer; V Onunka; P J Hitchcock
A spontaneous mutant of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased resistance to neutrophil granule proteins.
The Journal of infectious diseases 1986;153(5):910-7.
1986: S G Casey; William M Shafer; J K Spitznagel
Neisseria gonorrhoeae survive intraleukocytic oxygen-independent antimicrobial capacities of anaerobic and aerobic granulocytes in the presence of pyocin lethal for extracellular gonococci.
Infection and immunity 1986;52(2):384-9.
1986: T A Mietzner; R C Barnes; Y A JeanLouis; William M Shafer; S A Morse
Distribution of an antigenically related iron-regulated protein among the Neisseria spp.
Infection and immunity 1986;51(1):60-8.
1985: P J Hitchcock; S F Hayes; L W Mayer; William M Shafer; S L Tessier
Analyses of gonococcal H8 antigen. Surface location, inter- and intrastrain electrophoretic heterogeneity, and unusual two-dimensional electrophoretic characteristics.
The Journal of experimental medicine 1985;162(6):2017-34.
1985: J K Spitznagel; William M Shafer
Neutrophil killing of bacteria by oxygen-independent mechanisms: a historical summary.
Reviews of infectious diseases 1985;7(3):398-403.
1985: S G Casey; William M Shafer; J K Spitznagel
Anaerobiosis increases resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to O2-independent antimicrobial proteins from human polymorphonuclear granulocytes.
Infection and immunity 1985;47(2):401-7.
1984: William M Shafer; Larry E Martin; J K Spitznagel
Cationic antimicrobial proteins isolated from human neutrophil granulocytes in the presence of diisopropyl fluorophosphate.
Infection and immunity 1984;45(1):29-35.
1984: William M Shafer; L F Guymon; I Lind; P Frederick Sparling
Identification of an envelope mutation (env-10) resulting in increased antibiotic susceptibility and pyocin resistance in a clinical isolate of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy 1984;25(6):767-9.
1984: William M Shafer; S G Casey; J K Spitznagel
Lipid A and resistance of Salmonella typhimurium to antimicrobial granule proteins of human neutrophil granulocytes.
Infection and immunity 1984;43(3):834-8.
1984: William M Shafer; K Joiner; L F Guymon; M S Cohen; P Frederick Sparling
Serum sensitivity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: the role of lipopolysaccharide.
The Journal of infectious diseases 1984;149(2):175-83.
1982: L F Guymon; M Esser; William M Shafer
Pyocin-resistant lipopolysaccharide mutans of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: alterations in sensitivity to normal human serum and polymyxin B.
Infection and immunity 1982;36(2):541-7.
1982: William M Shafer; L F Guymon; P Frederick Sparling
Identification of a new genetic site (sac-3+) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae that affects sensitivity to normal human serum.
Infection and immunity 1982;35(3):764-9.
1980: William M Shafer; J J Iandolo
Transduction of staphylococcal enterotoxin B synthesis: establishment of the toxin gene in a recombination-deficient mutant.
Infection and immunity 1980;27(1):280-2.
1979: William M Shafer; J J Iandolo
Genetics of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in methicillin-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.
Infection and immunity 1979;25(3):902-11.
1978: William M Shafer; J J Iandolo
Staphylococcal enterotoxin A: a chromosomal gene product.
Applied and environmental microbiology 1978;36(2):389-91.
1978: William M Shafer; J J Iandolo
Chromosomal locus for staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
Infection and immunity 1978;20(1):273-8.
1977: J J Iandolo; William M Shafer
Regulation of staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
Infection and immunity 1977;16(2):610-6.