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Clifford Shone

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Marco Pirazzini; Ornella Rossetto; Clifford C Shone; Thomas Binz; Fulvio Bordin; Cesare Montecucco
The thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin system is involved in the entry of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins in the cytosol of nerve terminals.
Marco Pirazzini; Ornella Rossetto; Clifford C Shone; Cristina Bertasio; Thomas Binz; Fulvio Bordin; Cesare Montecucco
Time course and temperature dependence of the membrane translocation of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins C and D in neurons.
April Roberts; Ibrahim Al-Abdulla; Ruth Coxon; Harriet Denton; Steve Green; John Landon; Roger Ling; Joanna McGlashan; Clifford C Shone
Development and evaluation of an ovine antibody-based platform for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.

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2013: Marco Pirazzini; Ornella Rossetto; Clifford C Shone; Thomas Binz; Fulvio Bordin; Cesare Montecucco
The thioredoxin reductase-thioredoxin system is involved in the entry of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins in the cytosol of nerve terminals.
FEBS letters 2013;587(2):150-5.
2013: Marco Pirazzini; Ornella Rossetto; Clifford C Shone; Cristina Bertasio; Thomas Binz; Fulvio Bordin; Cesare Montecucco
Time course and temperature dependence of the membrane translocation of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins C and D in neurons.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2013;430(1):38-42.
2012: April Roberts; Ibrahim Al-Abdulla; Ruth Coxon; Harriet Denton; Steve Green; John Landon; Roger Ling; Joanna McGlashan; Clifford C Shone
Development and evaluation of an ovine antibody-based platform for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection.
Infection and immunity 2012;80(2):875-82.
2011: Jonathan M Kirby; April K Roberts; Clifford C Shone; Nethaji Thiyagarajan; K Ravi Acharya
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a putative Clostridium difficile surface protein Cwp19.
Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications 2011;67(Pt 7):762-7.
2010: Amit Sundriyal; April K Roberts; Roger Ling; Joanna McGlashan; Clifford C Shone; K Ravi Acharya
Expression, purification and cell cytotoxicity of actin-modifying binary toxin from Clostridium difficile.
Protein expression and purification 2010;74(1):42-8.
2009: Amit Sundriyal; April K Roberts; Clifford C Shone; K Ravi Acharya
Structural basis for substrate recognition in the enzymatic component of ADP-ribosyltransferase toxin CDTa from Clostridium difficile.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2009;284(42):28713-9.
2009: E R Evans; P J A Skipper; Clifford C Shone
An assay for botulinum toxin types A, B and F that requires both functional binding and catalytic activities within the neurotoxin.
Journal of applied microbiology 2009;107(4):1384-91.
2009: Clifford C Shone; Heidi Agostini; Joanna Clancy; Mili Gu; Huei-Hsiung Yang; Yanfang Chu; Virginia Johnson; Makie Taal; Joanna McGlashan; John Brehm; Xiaomi Tong
Bivalent recombinant vaccine for botulinum neurotoxin types A and B based on a polypeptide comprising their effector and translocation domains that is protective against the predominant A and B subtypes.
Infection and immunity 2009;77(7):2795-801.
2006: Kenneth P Holbourn; Clifford C Shone; K Ravi Acharya
A family of killer toxins. Exploring the mechanism of ADP-ribosylating toxins.
The FEBS journal 2006;273(20):4579-93.
2006: Clifford C Shone; J Ferreira; A Boyer; Nick M Cirino; C Egan; E Evans; Jhn Kools; S Sharma
The 5th International Conference on Basic and Therapeutic Aspects of Botulinum and Tetanus Neurotoxins. Workshop review: assays and detection.
Neurotoxicity research 2006;9(2-3):205-16.
2006: Keith A Foster; E J Adams; L Durose; C J Cruttwell; E Marks; Clifford C Shone; John A Chaddock; C L Cox; C Heaton; J Mark Sutton; J Wayne; Frances C G Alexander; D F Rogers
Re-engineering the target specificity of Clostridial neurotoxins - a route to novel therapeutics.
Neurotoxicity research 2006;9(2-3):101-7.
2005: E R Evans; J Mark Sutton; A Gravett; Clifford C Shone
Analysis of the substrate recognition domain determinants of botulinum type B toxin using phage display.
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology 2005;46(4):446-53.
2005: Kenneth P Holbourn; J Mark Sutton; Hazel R Evans; Clifford C Shone; K Ravi Acharya
Molecular recognition of an ADP-ribosylating Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme by RalA GTPase.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2005;102(15):5357-62.
2005: J Mark Sutton; Jonathan Wayne; Anthony Scott-Tucker; Susan M O'Brien; Philip M H Marks; Frances C G Alexander; Clifford C Shone; John A Chaddock
Preparation of specifically activatable endopeptidase derivatives of Clostridium botulinum toxins type A, B, and C and their applications.
Protein expression and purification 2005;40(1):31-41.
2004: Hazel R Evans; Daniel E Holloway; J Mark Sutton; Joanne Ayriss; Clifford C Shone; K Ravi Acharya
C3 exoenzyme from Clostridium botulinum: structure of a tetragonal crystal form and a reassessment of NAD-induced flexure.
Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography 2004;60(Pt 8):1502-5.
2004: John A Chaddock; John R Purkiss; Frances C G Alexander; Sarah Doward; Sarah J Fooks; Lorna M Friis; Yper H J Hall; Elizabeth R Kirby; Nicola Leeds; Hilary J Moulsdale; Anthony Dickenson; G Mark Green; Wahida Rahman; Rie Suzuki; Michael J Duggan; Conrad P Quinn; Clifford C Shone; Keith A Foster
Retargeted clostridial endopeptidases: inhibition of nociceptive neurotransmitter release in vitro, and antinociceptive activity in in vivo models of pain.
Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society 2004;19 Suppl 8():S42-7.
2003: Hazel R Evans; J Mark Sutton; Daniel E Holloway; Joanne Ayriss; Clifford C Shone; K Ravi Acharya
The crystal structure of C3stau2 from Staphylococcus aureus and its complex with NAD.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2003;278(46):45924-30.
2003: Patrick R Stancombe; Frances C G Alexander; Roger Ling; Mary A Matheson; Clifford C Shone; John A Chaddock
Isolation of the gene and large-scale expression and purification of recombinant Erythrina cristagalli lectin.
Protein expression and purification 2003;30(2):283-92.
2002: Michael J Duggan; Conrad P Quinn; John A Chaddock; John R Purkiss; Frances C G Alexander; Sarah Doward; Sarah J Fooks; Lorna M Friis; Yper H J Hall; Elizabeth R Kirby; Nicola Leeds; Hilary J Moulsdale; Anthony Dickenson; G Mark Green; Wahida Rahman; Rie Suzuki; Clifford C Shone; Keith A Foster
Inhibition of release of neurotransmitters from rat dorsal root ganglia by a novel conjugate of a Clostridium botulinum toxin A endopeptidase fragment and Erythrina cristagalli lectin.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2002;277(38):34846-52.
2002: John A Chaddock; Michael H Herbert; Roger J Ling; Frances C G Alexander; Sarah J Fooks; Dean F Revell; Conrad P Quinn; Clifford C Shone; Keith A Foster
Expression and purification of catalytically active, non-toxic endopeptidase derivatives of Clostridium botulinum toxin type A.
Protein expression and purification 2002;25(2):219-28.
2001: J Mark Sutton; O Chow-Worn; L Spaven; Nigel J Silman; B Hallis; Clifford C Shone
Tyrosine-1290 of tetanus neurotoxin plays a key role in its binding to gangliosides and functional binding to neurones.
FEBS letters 2001;493(1):45-9.
2000: John A Chaddock; John R Purkiss; Lorna M Friis; J D Broadbridge; Michael J Duggan; Sarah J Fooks; Clifford C Shone; Conrad P Quinn; Keith A Foster
Inhibition of vesicular secretion in both neuronal and nonneuronal cells by a retargeted endopeptidase derivative of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A.
Infection and immunity 2000;68(5):2587-93.
2000: John A Chaddock; John R Purkiss; Michael J Duggan; Conrad P Quinn; Clifford C Shone; Keith A Foster
A conjugate composed of nerve growth factor coupled to a non-toxic derivative of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type A can inhibit neurotransmitter release in vitro.
Growth factors (Chur, Switzerland) 2000;18(2):147-55.
1999: M Wictome; K Newton; K Jameson; B Hallis; P Dunnigan; E Mackay; S Clarke; R Taylor; J Gaze; K Foster; Clifford C Shone
Development of an in vitro bioassay for Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin in foods that is more sensitive than the mouse bioassay.
Applied and environmental microbiology 1999;65(9):3787-92.
1999: M Wictome; K A Newton; K Jameson; P Dunnigan; S Clarke; J Gaze; A Tauk; Keith A Foster; Clifford C Shone
Development of in vitro assays for the detection of botulinum toxins in foods.
FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 1999;24(3):319-23.
1999: M Wictome; K A Newton; K Jameson; P Dunnigan; S Clarke; J Gaze; A Tauk; Keith A Foster; Clifford C Shone
Novel assays for the detection of botulinum toxins in foods.
Developments in biological standardization 1999;101():141-5.
1998: M Wictome; Clifford C Shone
Botulinum neurotoxins: mode of action and detection.
Symposium series (Society for Applied Microbiology) 1998;27():87S-97S.
1997: F Chen; Patrick G Foran; Clifford C Shone; Keith A Foster; J Melling; J Oliver Dolly
Botulinum neurotoxin B inhibits insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes and cleaves cellubrevin unlike type A toxin which failed to proteolyze the SNAP-23 present.
Biochemistry 1997;36(19):5719-28.
1996: R Pellizzari; Ornella Rossetto; L Lozzi; S Giovedi'; E Johnson; Clifford C Shone; Cesare Montecucco
Structural determinants of the specificity for synaptic vesicle-associated membrane protein/synaptobrevin of tetanus and botulinum type B and G neurotoxins.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1996;271(34):20353-8.
1996: B Hallis; B A James; Clifford C Shone
Development of novel assays for botulinum type A and B neurotoxins based on their endopeptidase activities.
Journal of clinical microbiology 1996;34(8):1934-8.
1996: M Wictome; Ornella Rossetto; C Montecucco; Clifford C Shone
Substrate residues N-terminal to the cleavage site of botulinum type B neurotoxin play a role in determining the specificity of its endopeptidase activity.
FEBS letters 1996;386(2-3):133-6.
1996: Patrick G Foran; Gary W Lawrence; Clifford C Shone; Keith A Foster; J Oliver Dolly
Botulinum neurotoxin C1 cleaves both syntaxin and SNAP-25 in intact and permeabilized chromaffin cells: correlation with its blockade of catecholamine release.
Biochemistry 1996;35(8):2630-6.
1995: R S Boyd; M J Duggan; Clifford C Shone; Keith A Foster
The effect of botulinum neurotoxins on the release of insulin from the insulinoma cell lines HIT-15 and RINm5F.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1995;270(31):18216-8.
1995: Giampietro Schiavo; Clifford C Shone; M K Bennett; R H Scheller; Cesare Montecucco
Botulinum neurotoxin type C cleaves a single Lys-Ala bond within the carboxyl-terminal region of syntaxins.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1995;270(18):10566-70.
1995: Clifford C Shone; Howard S Tranter
Growth of clostridia and preparation of their neurotoxins.
Current topics in microbiology and immunology 1995;195():143-60.
1994: Patrick G Foran; Clifford C Shone; J Oliver Dolly
Differences in the protease activities of tetanus and botulinum B toxins revealed by the cleavage of vesicle-associated membrane protein and various sized fragments.
Biochemistry 1994;33(51):15365-74.
1994: Ornella Rossetto; Giampietro Schiavo; Cesare Montecucco; Bernard Poulain; F Deloye; L Lozzi; Clifford C Shone
SNARE motif and neurotoxins.
Nature 1994;372(6505):415-6.
1994: I Cenci Di Bello; Bernard Poulain; Clifford C Shone; L Tauc; J Oliver Dolly
Antagonism of the intracellular action of botulinum neurotoxin type A with monoclonal antibodies that map to light-chain epitopes.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1994;219(1-2):161-9.
1993: Clifford C Shone; C P Quinn; R Wait; B Hallis; S G Fooks; P Hambleton
Proteolytic cleavage of synthetic fragments of vesicle-associated membrane protein, isoform-2 by botulinum type B neurotoxin.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1993;217(3):965-71.
1993: A de Paiva; Bernard Poulain; Gary W Lawrence; Clifford C Shone; L Tauc; J Oliver Dolly
A role for the interchain disulfide or its participating thiols in the internalization of botulinum neurotoxin A revealed by a toxin derivative that binds to ecto-acceptors and inhibits transmitter release intracellularly.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1993;268(28):20838-44.
1993: Giampietro Schiavo; Clifford C Shone; Ornella Rossetto; F C Alexander; Cesare Montecucco
Botulinum neurotoxin serotype F is a zinc endopeptidase specific for VAMP/synaptobrevin.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1993;268(16):11516-9.
1992: Clifford C Shone; J Melling
Inhibition of calcium-dependent release of noradrenaline from PC12 cells by botulinum type-A neurotoxin. Long-term effects of the neurotoxin on intact cells.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1992;207(3):1009-16.
1992: V A Pasechnik; Clifford C Shone; P Hambleton
Purification of bacterial exotoxins. The case of botulinum, tetanus, anthrax, pertussis and cholera toxins.
Bioseparation 1992;3(5):267-83.
1991: Bernard Poulain; S Mochida; U Weller; B Högy; E Habermann; Jonathan D F Wadsworth; Clifford C Shone; J Oliver Dolly; L Tauc
Heterologous combinations of heavy and light chains from botulinum neurotoxin A and tetanus toxin inhibit neurotransmitter release in Aplysia.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1991;266(15):9580-5.
1990: Jonathan D F Wadsworth; M Desai; Howard S Tranter; H J King; P Hambleton; J Melling; J Oliver Dolly; Clifford C Shone
Botulinum type F neurotoxin. Large-scale purification and characterization of its binding to rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes.
The Biochemical journal 1990;268(1):123-8.
1990: D E Thompson; J K Brehm; J D Oultram; T J Swinfield; Clifford C Shone; T Atkinson; J Melling; Nigel P Minton
The complete amino acid sequence of the Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin, deduced by nucleotide sequence analysis of the encoding gene.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1990;189(1):73-81.
1990: J Oliver Dolly; Anthony C Ashton; C McInnes; Jonathan D F Wadsworth; Bernard Poulain; L Tauc; Clifford C Shone; J Melling
Clues to the multi-phasic inhibitory action of botulinum neurotoxins on release of transmitters.
Journal de physiologie 1990;84(3):237-46.
1989: Bernard Poulain; Jonathan D F Wadsworth; Clifford C Shone; S Mochida; S Lande; J Melling; J Oliver Dolly; L Tauc
Multiple domains of botulinum neurotoxin contribute to its inhibition of transmitter release in Aplysia neurons.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1989;264(36):21928-33.
1989: Bernard Poulain; Jonathan D F Wadsworth; E A Maisey; Clifford C Shone; J Melling; L Tauc; J Oliver Dolly
Inhibition of transmitter release by botulinum neurotoxin A. Contribution of various fragments to the intoxication process.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1989;185(1):197-203.
1988: E A Maisey; Jonathan D F Wadsworth; Bernard Poulain; Clifford C Shone; J Melling; P Gibbs; L Tauc; J Oliver Dolly
Involvement of the constituent chains of botulinum neurotoxins A and B in the blockade of neurotransmitter release.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1988;177(3):683-91.
1988: C P Quinn; Clifford C Shone; Peter C B Turnbull; J Melling
Purification of anthrax-toxin components by high-performance anion-exchange, gel-filtration and hydrophobic-interaction chromatography.
The Biochemical journal 1988;252(3):753-8.
1988: J Melling; P Hambleton; Clifford C Shone
Clostridium botulinum toxins: nature and preparation for clinical use.
Eye (London, England) 1988;2 ( Pt 1)():16-23.
1987: A M Gibson; N K Modi; T A Roberts; Clifford C Shone; P Hambleton; J Melling
Evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for detecting type A Clostridium botulinum toxin produced in pure culture and an inoculated model cured meat system.
The Journal of applied bacteriology 1987;63(3):217-26.
1987: Clifford C Shone; P Hambleton; J Melling
A 50-kDa fragment from the NH2-terminus of the heavy subunit of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin forms channels in lipid vesicles.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1987;167(1):175-80.
1986: D M Evans; R S Williams; Clifford C Shone; P Hambleton; J Melling; J O Dolly
Botulinum neurotoxin type B. Its purification, radioiodination and interaction with rat-brain synaptosomal membranes.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1986;154(2):409-16.
1986: Clifford C Shone; N Appleton; P Wilton-Smith; P Hambleton; N Modi; Stephen Gatley; J Melling
In vitro assays for botulinum toxin and antitoxins.
Developments in biological standardization 1986;64():141-5.
1985: Clifford C Shone; P Hambleton; J Melling
Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin by trypsin and purification of two tryptic fragments. Proteolytic action near the COOH-terminus of the heavy subunit destroys toxin-binding activity.
European journal of biochemistry / FEBS 1985;151(1):75-82.
1985: Clifford C Shone; P Wilton-Smith; N Appleton; P Hambleton; N Modi; Stephen Gatley; J Melling
Monoclonal antibody-based immunoassay for type A Clostridium botulinum toxin is comparable to the mouse bioassay.
Applied and environmental microbiology 1985;50(1):63-7.