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Sheila Sprague

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TOP 3
Olufemi R Ayeni; Jamal Al-Asiri; Kevin Chan; Teresa Chien; Susan Liew; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Sources and quality of literature addressing femoroacetabular impingement.
Sheila Sprague; Rukia Swaleh; Marilyn Swinton; J Carel Goslings; Kim Madden; Brad Petrisor; Mohit Bhandari
Barriers to and facilitators for screening women for intimate partner violence in surgical fracture clinics: a qualitative descriptive approach.
Katie Fong; Clary J Foote; Brad Petrisor; Bill Ristevski; Sheila Sprague; Victoria Truong; Dale Williams; Mohit Bhandari
Predictors of nonunion and reoperation in patients with fractures of the tibia: an observational study.

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2013: Olufemi R Ayeni; Jamal Al-Asiri; Kevin Chan; Teresa Chien; Susan Liew; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Sources and quality of literature addressing femoroacetabular impingement.
Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2013;21(2):415-9.
2013: Sheila Sprague; Rukia Swaleh; Marilyn Swinton; J Carel Goslings; Kim Madden; Brad Petrisor; Mohit Bhandari
Barriers to and facilitators for screening women for intimate partner violence in surgical fracture clinics: a qualitative descriptive approach.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2013;14():122.
2013: Katie Fong; Clary J Foote; Brad Petrisor; Bill Ristevski; Sheila Sprague; Victoria Truong; Dale Williams; Mohit Bhandari
Predictors of nonunion and reoperation in patients with fractures of the tibia: an observational study.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2013;14():103.
2013: Mohit Bhandari; Rajesh Chakravertty; Mary M Chiavaras; Hema Choudur; Alisha Hak; Naveen Parasu; Olufemi Ayeni; Simrit Bains; Sheila Sprague; Brad Petrisor
Radiographic union score for hip substantially improves agreement between surgeons and radiologists.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2013;14():70.
2013: Sheila Sprague; Sonia Dosanjh; Katelyn Godin; J Carel Goslings; Kim Madden; Emil H Schemitsch; Mohit Bhandari
Intimate partner violence and musculoskeletal injury: bridging the knowledge gap in orthopaedic fracture clinics.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2013;14():23.
2013: Sheila Sprague; Sonia Dosanjh; Roopinder Kaloty; Kim Madden; Dave J Mathews; Mohit Bhandari
Perceptions of intimate partner violence: a cross sectional survey of surgical residents and medical students.
Journal of injury & violence research 2013;5(1):1-10.
2012: Mohit Bhandari; Katie Fong; Sheila Sprague; Dale Williams; Brad Petrisor
Variability in the definition and perceived causes of delayed unions and nonunions: a cross-sectional, multinational survey of orthopaedic surgeons.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2012;94(15):e1091-6.
2012: Christopher Vannabouathong; Michel Saccone; Emil H Schemitsch; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Adjudicating outcomes: fundamentals.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2012;94 Suppl 1():70-4.
2012: Olufemi R Ayeni; Manraj Chahal; Michael N Tran; Sheila Sprague
Pivot shift as an outcome measure for ACL reconstruction: a systematic review.
Knee surgery, sports traumatology, arthroscopy : official journal of the ESSKA 2012;20(4):767-77.
2012: Sheila Sprague; Sonia Dosanjh; Kim Madden; Brad Petrisor; Emil H Schemitsch; Mohit Bhandari
Screening for intimate partner violence in orthopedic patients: a comparison of three screening tools.
Journal of interpersonal violence 2012;27(5):881-98.
2012: Sheila Sprague; Elizabeth Kaempffer; Polina Pozdniakova; Michel Saccone; Emil H Schemitsch; Mohit Bhandari
Principles and practice of clinical research course for surgeons: an evaluation of knowledge transfer and perceptions.
Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie 2012;55(1):46-52.
2012: Michelle Ghert; Gordon Guyatt; John Healey; Ginger Holt; Marc Isler; Sophie Mottard; Antonella Racano; R Lor Randall; Sheila Sprague; Marilyn Swinton; Lehana Thabane; Robert Turcotte; Joel Werier; Jay Wunder; Megan Anderson; Joseph Benevenia; Mohit Bhandari; Dianne Bryant; Paul Clarkson; Timothy Damron; Benjamin Deheshi; Nathan Evaniew; Peter Ferguson; Mark Gebhardt
Prophylactic antibiotic regimens in tumour surgery (PARITY): protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled study.
BMJ open 2012;2(6):.
2012: Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari; Katelyn Godin; Kim Madden; Ngan K Pham; Nicole Simunovic; J C Goslings
Barriers to screening for intimate partner violence.
Women & health 2012;52(6):587-605.
2011: Jeff Anglen; Mohit Bhandari; michael bosse; Gordon Guyatt; Kyle J Jeray; Susan Liew; Brad Petrisor; Parag Sancheti; Emil Schemitsch; Sheila Sprague; Xin Sun; Stephanie Tanner; Paul Tornetta; Stephen Walter
Fluid lavage of open wounds (FLOW): a multicenter, blinded, factorial pilot trial comparing alternative irrigating solutions and pressures in patients with open fractures.
The Journal of trauma 2011;71(3):596-606.
2011: Gordon Guyatt; Diane Heels-Ansdell; David Sanders; Emil Schemitsch; Sheila Sprague; Marc Swiontkowski; Paul Tornetta; Stephen D Walter; Mohit Bhandari; Gordon Blackhouse; Matthias Briel; Ron Goeree
Economic evaluation of reamed versus unreamed intramedullary nailing in patients with closed and open tibial fractures: results from the study to prospectively evaluate reamed intramedullary nails in patients with tibial fractures (SPRINT).
Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research 2011;14(4):450-7.
2011: Clary J Foote; Sheila Sprague; Emil H Schemitsch; Mohit Bhandari
Future perspectives: the need for large clinical trials.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2011;25 Suppl 2():S95-8.
2011: Bauke W Kooistra; Bernadette G Dijkman; Gordon H Guyatt; Sheila Sprague; Paul Tornetta; Mohit Bhandari
Prospectively screening for eligible patients was inaccurate in predicting patient recruitment of orthopedic randomized trials.
Journal of clinical epidemiology 2011;64(5):537-42.
2011: Natalie Kuurstra; Christopher Vannabouathong; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Guidelines for fracture healing assessments in clinical trials. Part II: electronic data capture and image management systems--Global Adjudicator™ system.
Injury 2011;42(3):317-20.
2011: Christopher Vannabouathong; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Guidelines for fracture healing assessments in clinical trials. Part I: definitions and endpoint committees.
Injury 2011;42(3):314-6.
2011: Bauke W Kooistra; Bernadette G Dijkman; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Six-week response rates to an orthopedic surgeons' survey were not affected by academic incentives or administration modality.
Journal of clinical epidemiology 2011;64(3):339-40.
2011: Xin Sun; Diane Heels-Ansdell; Stephen D Walter; Gordon Guyatt; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari; David Sanders; Emil Schemitsch; Paul Tornetta; Marc F Swiontkowski
Is a subgroup claim believable? A user's guide to subgroup analyses in the surgical literature.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2011;93(3):e8.
2011: Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Sonia Dosanjh; Brad Petrisor; Sarah Resendes; Kim Madden; Hans Kreder
The prevalence of intimate partner violence across orthopaedic fracture clinics in Ontario.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2011;93(2):132-41.
2010: Bauke W Kooistra; Bernadette G Dijkman; Jason W Busse; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder; Mohit Bhandari
The radiographic union scale in tibial fractures: reliability and validity.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2010;24 Suppl 1():S81-6.
2010: Bernadette G Dijkman; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder; Mohit Bhandari
When is a fracture healed? Radiographic and clinical criteria revisited.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2010;24 Suppl 1():S76-80.
2010: Bauke W Kooistra; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari; Hans Kreder
Outcomes assessment in fracture healing trials: a primer.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2010;24 Suppl 1():S71-5.
2010: Christina Goldstein; Sheila Sprague; Brad Petrisor
Electrical stimulation for fracture healing: current evidence.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2010;24 Suppl 1():S62-5.
2010: Bernadette G Dijkman; Bauke W Kooistra; Julia Pemberton; Sheila Sprague; Beate P Hanson; Mohit Bhandari
Can orthopedic trials change practice?
Acta orthopaedica 2010;81(1):122-5.
2009: Achilleas Thoma; Leigh Jansen; Sheila Sprague
Outcomes in microsurgery.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2009;124(6 Suppl):e303-12.
2009: Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder
Resolving controversies in hip fracture care: the need for large collaborative trials in hip fractures.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2009;23(6):479-84.
2009: Nicole Simunovic; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Methodological issues in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies in orthopaedic research.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2009;91 Suppl 3():87-94.
2009: Sheila Sprague; Joel M Matta; Mohit Bhandari; David Dodgin; Charles R Clark; Philip J. Kregor; Gary Bradley; Lester Little
Multicenter collaboration in observational research: improving generalizability and efficiency.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2009;91 Suppl 3():80-6.
2009: Sheila Sprague; Laura Quigley; Mohit Bhandari
Survey design in orthopaedic surgery: getting surgeons to respond.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2009;91 Suppl 3():27-34.
2009: Melissa L Button; Sheila Sprague; Osama Gharsaa; Sandra Latouche; Mohit Bhandari
Economic evaluation of bone stimulation modalities: A systematic review of the literature.
Indian journal of orthopaedics 2009;43(2):168-74.
2009: Brad Petrisor; Selene Lisson; Sheila Sprague
Extracorporeal shockwave therapy: A systematic review of its use in fracture management.
Indian journal of orthopaedics 2009;43(2):161-7.
2009: Bernadetta G Dijkman; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound: Nonunions.
Indian journal of orthopaedics 2009;43(2):141-8.
2009: Nicole Simunovic; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Finding a contract research organization for your research trial.
Journal of long-term effects of medical implants 2009;19(3):241-5.
2008: Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Paul Tornetta; Valerie D'Aurora; Hans Kreder; Heather Shearer; ole brink; David Mathews; Sonia Dosanjh
(Mis)perceptions about intimate partner violence in women presenting for orthopaedic care: a survey of Canadian orthopaedic surgeons.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2008;90(7):1590-7.
2008: Achilleas Thoma; Sheila Sprague; Claire Temple; Stuart Archibald
The role of the randomized controlled trial in plastic surgery.
Clinics in plastic surgery 2008;35(2):275-84.
2008: Sheila Sprague; PJ McKay; Achilleas Thoma
Study design and hierarchy of evidence for surgical decision making.
Clinics in plastic surgery 2008;35(2):195-205.
2008: Achilleas Thoma; Leigh Jansen; Sheila Sprague; Eric Duku P Stat
A comparison of the superficial inferior epigastric artery flap and deep inferior epigastric perforator flap in postmastectomy reconstruction: A cost-effectiveness analysis.
The Canadian journal of plastic surgery = Journal canadien de chirurgie plastique 2008;16(2):77-84.
2008: Brad Petrisor; Kyle J Jeray; Hans Kreder; Beate Hanson; Sheila Sprague; David Sanders; Mohit Bhandari
Fluid lavage in patients with open fracture wounds (FLOW): an international survey of 984 surgeons.
BMC musculoskeletal disorders 2008;9():7.
2007: Sheila Sprague; Kristina Lutz; Dianne Bryant; Forough Farrokhyar; Michael Zlowodzki; Mohit Bhandari
Complementary and alternative medicine use in patients with fractures.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2007;463():173-8.
2007: Achilleas Thoma; Sheila Sprague; Karen Veltri; Eric Duku; William Furlong
A prospective study of patients undergoing breast reduction surgery: health-related quality of life and clinical outcomes.
Plastic and reconstructive surgery 2007;120(1):13-26.
2007: Sabrina Cugno; Sheila Sprague; Eric Duku; Achilleas Thoma
Composite tissue allotransplantation of the face: Decision analysis model.
The Canadian journal of plastic surgery = Journal canadien de chirurgie plastique 2007;15(3):145-52.
2007: Sheila Sprague; Laura Quigley; Anthony Adili; Mohit Bhandari
Understanding cost effectiveness: money matters?
Journal of long-term effects of medical implants 2007;17(2):145-52.
2007: Laura Quigley; Sheila Sprague; Brad Petrisor; Mohit Bhandari
User's guide to a meta-analysis about an orthopaedic implant.
Journal of long-term effects of medical implants 2007;17(2):121-33.
2007: Dan Vena; Eric Morrison; Sheila Sprague; Beate Hanson; Anders Joensson; Mohit Bhandari
User's guide to a randomized trial about an orthopaedic implant.
Journal of long-term effects of medical implants 2007;17(2):111-20.
2006: Pamela Leece; Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Marc F Swiontkowski; Hans Kreder; Paul Tornetta
Does flattery work? A comparison of 2 different cover letters for an international survey of orthopedic surgeons.
Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie 2006;49(2):90-5.
2006: Achilleas Thoma; Vanessa H Wong; Sheila Sprague; Eric Duku
A cost-utility analysis of open and endoscopic carpal tunnel release.
The Canadian journal of plastic surgery = Journal canadien de chirurgie plastique 2006;14(1):15-20.
2006: Achilleas Thoma; Roderick T Chew; Sheila Sprague; Karen Veltri
Application of the CONSORT statement to randomized controlled trials comparing endoscopic and open carpal tunnel release.
The Canadian journal of plastic surgery = Journal canadien de chirurgie plastique 2006;14(4):205-10.
2005: Jason W Busse; Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Ana P Johnson-Masotti; Amiram Gafni
An economic analysis of management strategies for closed and open grade I tibial shaft fractures.
Acta orthopaedica 2005;76(5):705-12.
2005: Achilleas Thoma; Sheila Sprague
Methodologic issues in the comparison of microsurgical flaps/techniques in head and neck reconstruction.
Clinics in plastic surgery 2005;32(3):347-59, vi.
2005: Roderick T Chew; Sheila Sprague; Achilleas Thoma
A systematic review of utility measurements in the surgical literature.
Journal of the American College of Surgeons 2005;200(6):954-64.
2005: Patricia Li; Doug Mah; Ki Lim; Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
Randomization and concealment in surgical trials: a comparison between orthopaedic and non-orthopaedic randomized trials.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2005;125(1):70-2.
2005: Achilleas Thoma; Sheila Sprague; Karen Veltri; Eric Duku; William Furlong
Methodology and measurement properties of health-related quality of life instruments: a prospective study of patients undergoing breast reduction surgery.
Health and quality of life outcomes 2005;3():44.
2004: Pamela Leece; Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Marc F Swiontkowski; Hans Kreder; Paul Tornetta; Philip J Devereaux; Gordon H Guyatt
Internet versus mailed questionnaires: a controlled comparison (2).
Journal of medical Internet research 2004;6(4):e39.
2004: Pamela Leece; Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Marc F Swiontkowski; Hans Kreder; Paul Tornetta; Philip J Devereaux; Gordon H Guyatt
Internet versus mailed questionnaires: a randomized comparison (2).
Journal of medical Internet research 2004;6(3):e30.
2004: Mohit Bhandari; Marc F Swiontkowski; Thomas A Einhorn; Paul Tornetta; Hans Kreder; Pamela Leece; Sheila Sprague; James G Wright
Interobserver agreement in the application of levels of evidence to scientific papers in the American volume of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2004;86-A(8):1717-20.
2004: Khaled Alanezi; Farhan Alanzi; Samir Faidi; Sheila Sprague; Margeritta Cadeddu; Frank Baillie; Daniel Bowser; Andy McCallum; Mohit Bhandari
Survival rates for adult trauma patients who require cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
CJEM 2004;6(4):263-5.
2004: Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Beate Hanson; Jason W Busse; David E Dawe; Jaydeep K Moro; Gordon H Guyatt
Health-related quality of life following operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures: a prospective observational study.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2004;18(6):338-45.
2004: Mohit Bhandari; Jason W Busse; Dianne Jackowski; Victor Montori; Holger J Schünemann; Sheila Sprague; Derek Mears; Hans Kreder; Diane Heels-Ansdell; Philip J Devereaux
Association between industry funding and statistically significant pro-industry findings in medical and surgical randomized trials.
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne 2004;170(4):477-80.
2004: Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; Olufemi R Ayeni; Beate P Hanson; Jaydeep K Moro
A prospective cost analysis following operative treatment of unstable ankle fractures: 30 patients followed for 1 year.
Acta orthopaedica Scandinavica 2004;75(1):100-5.
2004: Mohit Bhandari; Paul Tornetta; Thomas Ellis; Laurent Audige; Sheila Sprague; Jonathann C Kuo; Marc F Swiontkowski
Hierarchy of evidence: differences in results between non-randomized studies and randomized trials in patients with femoral neck fractures.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2004;124(1):10-6.
2003: Sheila Sprague; Pamela Leece; Mohit Bhandari; Paul Tornetta; Hans Kreder; Marc F Swiontkowski
Limiting loss to follow-up in a multicenter randomized trial in orthopedic surgery.
Controlled clinical trials 2003;24(6):719-25.
2003: Mohit Bhandari; Victor Montori; P J Devereaux; Sonia Dosanjh; Sheila Sprague; Gordon H Guyatt
Challenges to the practice of evidence-based medicine during residents' surgical training: a qualitative study using grounded theory.
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2003;78(11):1183-90.
2003: Mohit Bhandari; Philip J Devereaux; Marc F Swiontkowski; Paul Tornetta; William T Obremskey; Kenneth Koval; Sean Nork; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder; Gordon H Guyatt
Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck. A meta-analysis.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2003;85-A(9):1673-81.
2003: Mohit Bhandari; P J Devereaux; Marc F Swiontkowski; Hans Kreder; Ketan Shankardass; Sheila Sprague; Gordon H Guyatt
A randomized trial of opinion leader endorsement in a survey of orthopaedic surgeons: effect on primary response rates.
International journal of epidemiology 2003;32(4):634-6.
2003: Mohit Bhandari; William Whang; Jonathann C Kuo; PJ Devereaux; Sheila Sprague; Paul Tornetta
The risk of false-positive results in orthopaedic surgical trials.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2003;(413):63-9.
2003: Mohit Bhandari; Paul Tornetta; Sheila Sprague; Soheil Najibi; Brad Petrisor; Lauren Griffith; Gordon H Guyatt
Predictors of reoperation following operative management of fractures of the tibial shaft.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2003;17(5):353-61.
2003: Mohit Bhandari; Gordon H Guyatt; Vikas Khera; Abhaya V Kulkarni; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder
Operative management of lower extremity fractures in patients with head injuries.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2003;(407):187-98.
2003: Sheila Sprague; Deborah J Cook; David Anderson; Bernie J O'Brien
A systematic review of economic analyses of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of venous thromboembolism.
Thrombosis research 2003;112(4):193-201.
2003: Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari; Philip J Devereaux; Marc F Swiontkowski; Paul Tornetta; Deborah J Cook; Douglas R Dirschl; Hans Kreder; Gordon H Guyatt
Barriers to full-text publication following presentation of abstracts at annual orthopaedic meetings.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2003;85-A(1):158-63.
2002: Mohit Bhandari; Gordon H Guyatt; Paul Tornetta; Marc F Swiontkowski; Beate Hanson; Sheila Sprague; Amena Syed; Hans Kreder
Current practice in the intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures: an international survey.
The Journal of trauma 2002;53(4):725-32.
2002: Mohit Bhandari; Gordon H Guyatt; Marc F Swiontkowski; Paul Tornetta; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder
A lack of consensus in the assessment of fracture healing among orthopaedic surgeons.
Journal of orthopaedic trauma 2002;16(8):562-6.
2002: Sheila Sprague; Mohit Bhandari
An economic evaluation of early versus delayed operative treatment in patients with closed tibial shaft fractures.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2002;122(6):315-23.
2002: Mohit Bhandari; Gordon H Guyatt; Farhan Siddiqui; Farrah Morrow; Jason W Busse; Ross K Leighton; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder
Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic overview and metaanalysis.
Clinical orthopaedics and related research 2002;(400):190-200.
2002: Mohit Bhandari; Philip J Devereaux; Gordon H Guyatt; Deborah J Cook; Marc F Swiontkowski; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder
An observational study of orthopaedic abstracts and subsequent full-text publications.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2002;84-A(4):615-21.
2002: Mohit Bhandari; Gordon H Guyatt; Heather Virginia Lochner; Sheila Sprague; Paul Tornetta
Application of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) in the Fracture Care Literature.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2002;84-A(3):485-9.
2002: Mohit Bhandari; Robin R Richards; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder
The quality of reporting of randomized trials in the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery from 1988 through 2000.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2002;84-A(3):388-96.
2002: Anthony Adili; Mohit Bhandari; Sheila Sprague; R Brett Dunlop; Hans Kreder
Humeral shaft fractures as predictors of intra-abdominal injury in motor vehicle collision victims.
Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery 2002;122(1):5-9.
2001: M Bhandari; R R Richards; Sheila Sprague; E H Schemitsch
Quality in the reporting of randomized trials in surgery: is the Jadad scale reliable?
Controlled clinical trials 2001;22(6):687-8.
2001: Mohit Bhandari; Gordon H Guyatt; Marc F Swiontkowski; Paul Tornetta; Beate Hanson; B Weaver; Sheila Sprague; Hans Kreder
Surgeons' preferences for the operative treatment of fractures of the tibial shaft. An international survey.
The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume 2001;83-A(11):1746-52.
2001: Achilleas Thoma; Sheila Sprague; Ved Tandan
Users' guide to the surgical literature: how to use an article on economic analysis.
Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie 2001;44(5):347-54.