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Outi Vaarala

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Kirsi Mustonen; Laura Orivuori; Juha Pekkanen; Petra Ina Pfefferle; Josef Riedler; Caroline Roduit; Bianca Schaub; Outi Vaarala; Erika von Mutius; Juliane Weber; Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer; Jean-Charles Dalphin; Jon Genuneit; Anne Hyvärinen; Leea Keski-Nisula; Roger Lauener
Inflammatory response and IgE sensitization at early age.
Marcus C de Goffau; Saara Hakala; Taina Härkönen; Hermie J Harmsen; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Kristiina Luopajärvi; Laura Orivuori; Terhi Ruohtula; Gjalt W Welling; Outi Vaarala
Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.
P Pekkarinen; Kirsi Vaali; Outi Vaarala; Merja Helminen; Iivo Hetemäki; Hanna Jarva; Sami Junnikkala; Eliisa Kekäläinen; Seppo Meri; T Petteri Arstila
Impaired intestinal tolerance in the absence of a functional complement system.

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All Publications

2013: Kirsi Mustonen; Laura Orivuori; Juha Pekkanen; Petra Ina Pfefferle; Josef Riedler; Caroline Roduit; Bianca Schaub; Outi Vaarala; Erika von Mutius; Juliane Weber; Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer; Jean-Charles Dalphin; Jon Genuneit; Anne Hyvärinen; Leea Keski-Nisula; Roger Lauener
Inflammatory response and IgE sensitization at early age.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2013;24(4):395-401.
2013: Marcus C de Goffau; Saara Hakala; Taina Härkönen; Hermie J Harmsen; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Kristiina Luopajärvi; Laura Orivuori; Terhi Ruohtula; Gjalt W Welling; Outi Vaarala
Fecal microbiota composition differs between children with β-cell autoimmunity and those without.
Diabetes 2013;62(4):1238-44.
2013: P Pekkarinen; Kirsi Vaali; Outi Vaarala; Merja Helminen; Iivo Hetemäki; Hanna Jarva; Sami Junnikkala; Eliisa Kekäläinen; Seppo Meri; T Petteri Arstila
Impaired intestinal tolerance in the absence of a functional complement system.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2013;131(4):1167-75.
2012: Janne K Nieminen; Harri M Salo; Jukka Vakkila; Nina Ekström; Taina Härkönen; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Outi Vaarala
Altered phenotype of peripheral blood dendritic cells in pediatric type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes care 2012;35(11):2303-10.
2012: Kirsi Mustonen; Juha Pekkanen; Petra Ina Pfefferle; Harald Renz; Josef Riedler; Outi Vaarala; Erika von Mutius; Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer; Gisela Buechele; Jean-Charles Dalphin; Leea Keski-Nisula; Roger Lauener
Few associations between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and environmental factors in 4.5-year-old children.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2012;23(6):522-8.
2012: Kristiina Luopajärvi; Janne K Nieminen; Hans K Akerblom; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Outi Vaarala
Expansion of CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in infants of mothers with type 1 diabetes.
Pediatric diabetes 2012;13(5):400-7.
2012: Outi Vaarala; Suvi M Virtanen; Hans K Akerblom; Taina Härkönen; Jorma Ilonen; Anna-Liisa Järvenpää; Harri Kallioinen; Jorma Komulainen; Matti Koski; Raisa Lounamaa; Jouni Pesola; Tuija Poussa; Terhi Ruohtula; Olli Tossavainen; Mikael Knip
Removal of Bovine Insulin From Cow's Milk Formula and Early Initiation of Beta-Cell Autoimmunity in the FINDIA Pilot Study.
Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine 2012;166(7):608-14.
2012: Marja-Leena Simonen-Tikka; Outi Vaarala; Anna-Kaisa Hiekka; Päivi Klemola; Riitta Korpela; Johnny Ludvigsson; Tuija Poussa; Merja Roivainen
Early human enterovirus infections in healthy Swedish children participating in the PRODIA pilot study.
Journal of medical virology 2012;84(6):923-30.
2012: Outi Vaarala; Hannele Yki-Järvinen
Diabetes: Should we treat infection or inflammation to prevent T2DM?
Nature reviews. Endocrinology 2012;8(6):323-5.
2012: A Lammi; Outi Vaarala; P Arikoski; Tuure Kinnunen; Jorma Ilonen
Increased peripheral blood CD4+ T cell responses to deamidated but not to native gliadin in children with coeliac disease.
Clinical and experimental immunology 2012;168(2):207-14.
2012: Outi Vaarala
Is the origin of type 1 diabetes in the gut?
Immunology and cell biology 2012;90(3):271-6.
2012: J Lempainen; M Mäkelä; Jane Marttila; Olli Simell; Sisko Tauriainen; Outi Vaarala; Riitta Veijola; H Honkanen; Heikki Hyöty; Mikael Knip; Jorma Ilonen
Interaction of enterovirus infection and cow's milk-based formula nutrition in type 1 diabetes-associated autoimmunity.
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 2012;28(2):177-85.
2012: Veera Hölttä; Martti Färkkilä; Kaija-Leena Kolho; Harri M Salo; Erkki Savilahti; Taina Sipponen; Outi Vaarala; Mia Westerholm-Ormio; P Klemetti
In Crohn's Disease, Anti-TNF-α Treatment Changes the Balance between Mucosal IL-17, FOXP3, and CD4 Cells.
ISRN gastroenterology 2012;2012():505432.
2012: Hanna Nohynek; Päivi Olsén; Markku Partinen; Outi Saarenpää-Heikkilä; Jonas Sundman; Outi Vaarala; Sari-Leena Himanen; Christer Hublin; Jukka Jokinen; Ilkka Julkunen; Turkka Kirjavainen; Terhi Kilpi
AS03 adjuvanted AH1N1 vaccine associated with an abrupt increase in the incidence of childhood narcolepsy in Finland.
PloS one 2012;7(3):e33536.
2011: Jeanette Wahlberg; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
Asthma and allergic symptoms and type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies in 2.5-yr-old children.
Pediatric diabetes 2011;12(7):604-10.
2011: Outi Vaarala
The gut as a regulator of early inflammation in type 1 diabetes.
Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity 2011;18(4):241-7.
2011: P Pekkarinen; Kirsi Vaali; Sami Junnikkala; Laura H Rossi; Heli Tuovinen; Seppo Meri; Outi Vaarala; T Petteri Arstila
A functional complement system is required for normal T helper cell differentiation.
Immunobiology 2011;216(6):737-43.
2011: Anne Lahdenperä; Johnny Ludvigsson; Karin Fälth-Magnusson; Lotta Högberg; Outi Vaarala
The effect of gluten-free diet on Th1-Th2-Th3-associated intestinal immune responses in celiac disease.
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2011;46(5):538-49.
2010: Hanne Rintamäki; Taina Sipponen; Harri M Salo; Outi Vaarala; Kaija-Leena Kolho
Serum immune-activation potency and response to anti-TNF-α therapy in Crohn's disease.
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2010;16(46):5845-51.
2010: Mikael Knip; Suvi M Virtanen; Karri Seppä; Jorma Ilonen; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala; Antti Reunanen; Kari Teramo; Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen; Johanna Paronen; Hans-Michael Dosch; Timo Hakulinen; Hans K Akerblom
Dietary intervention in infancy and later signs of beta-cell autoimmunity.
The New England journal of medicine 2010;363(20):1900-8.
2010: Jarno Honkanen; Janne K Nieminen; Ru Gao; Kristiina Luopajarvi; Harri M Salo; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Timo Otonkoski; Outi Vaarala
IL-17 immunity in human type 1 diabetes.
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) 2010;185(3):1959-67.
2010: Emma M Savilahti; Sirkku Karinen; Harri M Salo; P Klemetti; Kristiina M Saarinen; Timo Klemola; Mikael Kuitunen; Sampsa Hautaniemi; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala
Combined T regulatory cell and Th2 expression profile identifies children with cow's milk allergy.
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 2010;136(1):16-20.
2010: Mia Westerholm-Ormio; Outi Vaarala; Minna Tiittanen; Erkki Savilahti
Infiltration of Foxp3- and Toll-like receptor-4-positive cells in the intestines of children with food allergy.
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2010;50(4):367-76.
2010: Hanne Rintamäki; Harri M Salo; Outi Vaarala; Kaija-Leena Kolho
New means to monitor the effect of glucocorticoid therapy in children.
World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2010;16(9):1104-9.
2010: Emma M Savilahti; Jorma Ilonen; Minna Kiviniemi; Kristiina M Saarinen; Outi Vaarala; Erkki Savilahti
Human leukocyte antigen (DR1)-DQB1*0501 and (DR15)-DQB1*0602 haplotypes are associated with humoral responses to early food allergens in children.
International archives of allergy and immunology 2010;152(2):169-77.
2009: Johanna Lempainen; Outi Vaarala; Miia Mäkelä; Riitta Veijola; Olli Simell; Mikael Knip; Robert Hermann; Jorma Ilonen
Interplay between PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and cow's milk formula exposure in type 1 diabetes.
Journal of autoimmunity 2009;33(2):155-64.
2009: L Piirainen; Jouni Pesola; Ilkka Pesola; Jorma Komulainen; Outi Vaarala
Breastfeeding stimulates total and cow's milk-specific salivary IgA in infants.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2009;20(3):295-8.
2009: Leena C von Hertzen; Johannes Savolainen; M Hannuksela; Timo Klaukka; Antti Lauerma; Mika J Mäkelä; J Pekkanen; Anne Pietinalho; Outi Vaarala; E Valovirta; Erkki Vartiainen; Tari Haahtela
Scientific rationale for the Finnish Allergy Programme 2008-2018: emphasis on prevention and endorsing tolerance.
Allergy 2009;64(5):678-701.
2009: Jorma Ilonen; Outi Vaarala; Hans K Akerblom; Mikael Knip
Environmental factors and primary prevention in type 1 diabetes.
Pediatric endocrinology, diabetes, and metabolism 2009;15(4):227-32.
2009: Riikka Turunen; Outi Vaarala; Irmeli Nupponen; Eero Kajantie; Sanna Siitonen; Aulikki Lano; Heikki Repo; Sture Andersson
Activation of T cells in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.
Neonatology 2009;96(4):248-58.
2009: Tamara Vorobjova; Oivi Uibo; Kaire Heilman; Tiina Rägo; Jarno Honkanen; Outi Vaarala; Vallo Tillmann; Ivi Ojakivi; Raivo Uibo
Increased FOXP3 expression in small-bowel mucosa of children with coeliac disease and type I diabetes mellitus.
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2009;44(4):422-30.
2008: Anna Lundberg; Lars Andersson Wikberg; Jorma Ilonen; Outi Vaarala; Malin Fagerås Böttcher
Lipopolysaccharide-induced immune responses in relation to the TLR4(Asp299Gly) gene polymorphism.
Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI 2008;15(12):1878-83.
2008: Outi Vaarala
Leaking gut in type 1 diabetes.
Current opinion in gastroenterology 2008;24(6):701-6.
2008: Jarno Honkanen; Susanne Skarsvik; Mikael Knip; Outi Vaarala
Poor in vitro induction of FOXP3 and ICOS in type 1 cytokine environment activated T-cells from children with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 2008;24(8):635-41.
2008: Johnny Ludvigsson; Maria Karlsson Faresjö; Maria Hjorth; Stina Axelsson; Mikael Chéramy; Mikael Pihl; Outi Vaarala; Gun Forsander; Sten Ivarsson; Calle Johansson; Agne Lindh; Nils-Osten Nilsson; Jan Aman; Eva Ortqvist; Peter Zerhouni; R Casas
GAD treatment and insulin secretion in recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
The New England journal of medicine 2008;359(18):1909-20.
2008: Outi Vaarala; Mark A Atkinson; Josef Neu
The "perfect storm" for type 1 diabetes: the complex interplay between intestinal microbiota, gut permeability, and mucosal immunity.
Diabetes 2008;57(10):2555-62.
2008: Kristiina Luopajärvi; Erkki Savilahti; Suvi M Virtanen; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Enhanced levels of cow's milk antibodies in infancy in children who develop type 1 diabetes later in childhood.
Pediatric diabetes 2008;9(5):434-41.
2008: J Walldén; Jorma Ilonen; M Roivainen; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
Effect of HLA genotype or CTLA-4 polymorphism on cytokine response in healthy children.
Scandinavian journal of immunology 2008;68(3):345-50.
2008: Jane Marttila; Suvi Huttunen; Outi Vaarala; Kunimasa Suzuki; John Elliott; Ale Närvänen; Mikael Knip; Olli Simell; Jorma Ilonen
T-cell reactivity to insulin peptide A1-12 in children with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes or multiple beta-cell autoantibodies.
Journal of autoimmunity 2008;31(2):142-8.
2008: Veera Hölttä; P Klemetti; Taina Sipponen; Mia Westerholm-Ormio; Guillermo Kociubinski; Harri Salo; Laura Räsänen; Kaija-Leena Kolho; Martti Färkkilä; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala
IL-23/IL-17 immunity as a hallmark of Crohn's disease.
Inflammatory bowel diseases 2008;14(9):1175-84.
2008: Erkki Savilahti; Mikael Kuitunen; Outi Vaarala
Pre and probiotics in the prevention and treatment of food allergy.
Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 2008;8(3):243-8.
2008: Minna Tiittanen; Mia Westerholm-Ormio; M Verkasalo; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala
Infiltration of forkhead box P3-expressing cells in small intestinal mucosa in coeliac disease but not in type 1 diabetes.
Clinical and experimental immunology 2008;152(3):498-507.
2008: Camilla Gullstrand; Jeanette Wahlberg; Jorma Ilonen; Outi Vaarala; Johnny Ludvigsson
Progression to type 1 diabetes and autoantibody positivity in relation to HLA-risk genotypes in children participating in the ABIS study.
Pediatric diabetes 2008;9(3 Pt 1):182-90.
2008: L Piirainen; Sauli Haahtela; Timo Helin; Riitta Korpela; Tari Haahtela; Outi Vaarala
Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on rBet v1 and rMal d1 specific IgA in the saliva of patients with birch pollen allergy.
Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology 2008;100(4):338-42.
2008: E Marschan; Mikael Kuitunen; K Kukkonen; Tuija Poussa; Annikki Sarnesto; Tari Haahtela; Riitta Korpela; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala
Probiotics in infancy induce protective immune profiles that are characteristic for chronic low-grade inflammation.
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008;38(4):611-8.
2008: Emma Marschan; Jarno Honkanen; Kaarina Kukkonen; Mikael Kuitunen; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala
Increased activation of GATA-3, IL-2 and IL-5 of cord blood mononuclear cells in infants with IgE sensitization.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2008;19(2):132-9.
2008: Janne Aittoniemi; H Turpeinen; M Tiittanen; Mikael Knip; O Simell; J Ilonen; Outi Vaarala
Relation among mannose-binding lectin 2 genotype, beta-cell autoantibodies, and risk for type 1 diabetes in Finnish children.
Human immunology 2008;69(2):108-11.
2008: Jenny Walldén; Jarno Honkanen; Jorma Ilonen; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
No evidence for activation of T(H)1 or T(H)17 pathways in unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with β-cell autoimmunity or T1D.
Journal of inflammation research 2008;1():11-7.
2007: Tobias Rydgren; Outi Vaarala; Stellan Sandler
Simvastatin protects against multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in CD-1 mice and recurrence of disease in nonobese diabetic mice.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 2007;323(1):180-5.
2007: Anja Paananen; C Savolainen-Kopra; S Kaijalainen; Outi Vaarala; Tapani Hovi; Merja Roivainen
Genetic and phenotypic diversity of echovirus 30 strains and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes.
Journal of medical virology 2007;79(7):945-55.
2007: Kristiina Luopajärvi; Susanne Skarsvik; Jorma Ilonen; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Reduced CCR4, interleukin-13 and GATA-3 up-regulation in response to type 2 cytokines of cord blood T lymphocytes in infants at genetic risk of type 1 diabetes.
Immunology 2007;121(2):189-96.
2007: Antti-Pekka Laine; Hanna Holmberg; Anita Nilsson; Eva Ortqvist; Minna Kiviniemi; Outi Vaarala; Hans K Akerblom; Olli Simell; Mikael Knip; Johnny Ludvigsson; Sten-A Ivarsson; Karin Larsson; Ake Lernmark; Jorma Ilonen
Two insulin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with type 1 diabetes risk in the Finnish and Swedish populations.
Disease markers 2007;23(3):139-45.
2007: Hanna Holmberg; Jeanette Wahlberg; Outi Vaarala; Johnny Ludvigsson
Short duration of breast-feeding as a risk-factor for beta-cell autoantibodies in 5-year-old children from the general population.
The British journal of nutrition 2007;97(1):111-6.
2006: Minna Tiittanen; Johanna T Huupponen; Mikael Knip; Outi Vaarala
Insulin treatment in patients with type 1 diabetes induces upregulation of regulatory T-cell markers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with insulin in vitro.
Diabetes 2006;55(12):3446-54.
2006: Minna Tiittanen; Johanna Paronen; Erkki Savilahti; Suvi M Virtanen; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Dietary insulin as an immunogen and tolerogen.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2006;17(7):538-43.
2006: Maria Karlsson Faresjö; Outi Vaarala; Sophie Thuswaldner; Jorma Ilonen; Ari E Hinkkanen; Johnny Ludvigsson
Diminished IFN-gamma response to diabetes-associated autoantigens in children at diagnosis and during follow up of type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 2006;22(6):462-70.
2006: Martin Ljungberg; Riita Korpela; Jorma Ilonen; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
Probiotics for the prevention of beta cell autoimmunity in children at genetic risk of type 1 diabetes--the PRODIA study.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2006;1079():360-4.
2006: Outi Vaarala
Is it dietary insulin?
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2006;1079():350-9.
2006: Laura Paajanen; Jorma Kokkonen; Tuomo J Karttunen; Tuula Tuure; Riitta Korpela; Outi Vaarala
Intestinal cytokine mRNA expression in delayed-type cow's milk allergy.
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2006;43(4):470-6.
2006: Nora Pöntynen; Aaro Miettinen; T Petteri Arstila; Kämpe Olle; Mohammad Alimohammadi; Outi Vaarala; Leena Peltonen; Ismo Ulmanen
Aire deficient mice do not develop the same profile of tissue-specific autoantibodies as APECED patients.
Journal of autoimmunity 2006;27(2):96-104.
2006: Jonas Ludvigsson; Maike Eylert; Jorma Ilonen; Johnny Ludvigson; Outi Vaarala
Effect of HLA DQ2, dietary exposure and coeliac disease on the development of antibody response to gliadin in children.
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2006;41(8):919-28.
2006: Miia Mäkelä; Outi Vaarala; Róbert Hermann; Kimmo Salminen; Tero Vahlberg; Riitta Veijola; Heikki Hyöty; Mikael Knip; Olli Simell; Jorma Ilonen
Enteral virus infections in early childhood and an enhanced type 1 diabetes-associated antibody response to dietary insulin.
Journal of autoimmunity 2006;27(1):54-61.
2006: C-O Jonson; M Hedman; M G E Karlsson Faresjö; R Casas; Jorma Ilonen; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
The association of CTLA-4 and HLA class II autoimmune risk genotype with regulatory T cell marker expression in 5-year-old children.
Clinical and experimental immunology 2006;145(1):48-55.
2006: Hanna Holmberg; Outi Vaarala; Vaiva Sadauskaite-Kuehne; Jorma Ilonen; Zilvinas Padaiga; Johnny Ludvigsson
Higher prevalence of autoantibodies to insulin and GAD65 in Swedish compared to Lithuanian children with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes research and clinical practice 2006;72(3):308-14.
2006: Susanne Skarsvik; Julia Puranen; Jarno Honkanen; Merja Roivainen; Jorma Ilonen; Hanna Holmberg; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
Decreased in vitro type 1 immune response against coxsackie virus B4 in children with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes 2006;55(4):996-1003.
2006: Jeanette Wahlberg; Outi Vaarala; Johnny Ludvigsson
Dietary risk factors for the emergence of type 1 diabetes-related autoantibodies in 21/2 year-old Swedish children.
The British journal of nutrition 2006;95(3):603-8.
2005: Jeanette Wahlberg; Jenny Fredriksson; Elisabet Nikolic; Outi Vaarala; Johnny Ludvigsson
Environmental factors related to the induction of beta-cell autoantibodies in 1-yr-old healthy children.
Pediatric diabetes 2005;6(4):199-205.
2005: Laura Paajanen; Riitta Korpela; Tuula Tuure; Jarno Honkanen; Irma Järvelä; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip; Outi Vaarala; Jorma Kokkonen
Cow milk is not responsible for most gastrointestinal immune-like syndromes--evidence from a population-based study.
The American journal of clinical nutrition 2005;82(6):1327-35.
2005: Mikael Knip; Riitta Veijola; Suvi M Virtanen; Heikki Hyöty; Outi Vaarala; Hans K Akerblom
Environmental triggers and determinants of type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes 2005;54 Suppl 2():S125-36.
2005: Erkki Savilahti; Mirjami Siltanen; Merja Kajosaari; Outi Vaarala; Kristiina M Saarinen
IgA antibodies, TGF-beta1 and -beta2, and soluble CD14 in the colostrum and development of atopy by age 4.
Pediatric research 2005;58(6):1300-5.
2005: Laura Paajanen; Outi Vaarala; Riitta Karttunen; Tuula Tuure; Riitta Korpela; Jorma Kokkonen
Increased IFN-gamma secretion from duodenal biopsy samples in delayed-type cow's milk allergy.
Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology 2005;16(5):439-44.
2005: Mirva Viljanen; Emma Pohjavuori; Tari Haahtela; Riitta Korpela; Mikael Kuitunen; Annikki Sarnesto; Outi Vaarala; Erkki Savilahti
Induction of inflammation as a possible mechanism of probiotic effect in atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2005;115(6):1254-9.
2005: Hans K Akerblom; Suvi M Virtanen; Jorma Ilonen; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala; Antti Reunanen; Kari Teramo; Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen; Johanna Paronen; M-A Riikjärv; A Ormisson; J Ludvigsson; H-M Dosch; T Hakulinen; Mikael Knip
Dietary manipulation of beta cell autoimmunity in infants at increased risk of type 1 diabetes: a pilot study.
Diabetologia 2005;48(5):829-37.
2005: Anneli Sepa; Jeanette Wahlberg; Outi Vaarala; Ann Frodi; Johnny Ludvigsson
Psychological stress may induce diabetes-related autoimmunity in infancy.
Diabetes care 2005;28(2):290-5.
2005: Susanne Skarsvik; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
Aberrant regulation of interleukin-12 receptor beta2 chain on type 1 cytokine-stimulated T lymphocytes in type 1 diabetes.
Immunology 2005;114(2):287-93.
2005: Outi Vaarala
Long-term effects of weaning habits: type-1 diabetes.
Nestlé Nutrition workshop series. Paediatric programme 2005;56():175-82; discussion 182-4.
2005: Outi Vaarala
Is type 1 diabetes a disease of the gut immune system triggered by cow's milk insulin?
Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2005;569():151-6.
2004: Susanne Skarsvik; Minna Tiittanen; Annelie Lindström; R Casas; Johnny Ludvigsson; Outi Vaarala
Poor in vitro maturation and pro-inflammatory cytokine response of dendritic cells in children at genetic risk of type 1 diabetes.
Scandinavian journal of immunology 2004;60(6):647-52.
2004: Riikka Nissinen; Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo; A M Nieminen; L Halme; M Färkkilä; Timo Palosuo; Outi Vaarala
Immune activation in the small intestine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2004;63(10):1327-30.
2004: Malin Fagerås Böttcher; Mounira Hmani-Aifa; Anna Lindström; Maria C Jenmalm; Xiao-Mei Mai; Lennart Nilsson; Helena Aniansson Zdolsek; Bengt Björkstén; Peter Söderkvist; Outi Vaarala
A TLR4 polymorphism is associated with asthma and reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12(p70) responses in Swedish children.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2004;114(3):561-7.
2004: Emma Pohjavuori; Mirva Viljanen; Riitta Korpela; Mikael Kuitunen; Minna Tiittanen; Outi Vaarala; Erkki Savilahti
Lactobacillus GG effect in increasing IFN-gamma production in infants with cow's milk allergy.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2004;114(1):131-6.
2004: Riitta Freese; Outi Vaarala; Anu M Turpeinen; Marja Mutanen
No difference in platelet activation or inflammation markers after diets rich or poor in vegetables, berries and apple in healthy subjects.
European journal of nutrition 2004;43(3):175-82.
2004: Outi Vaarala
Intestinal immunity and type 1 diabetes.
Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition 2004;39 Suppl 3():S732-3.
2004: Riikka Nissinen; Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo; R Peltomaa; Timo Palosuo; Outi Vaarala
Cytokine and chemokine receptor profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells during treatment with infliximab in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.
Annals of the rheumatic diseases 2004;63(6):681-7.
2004: Outi Vaarala
Environmental causes: dietary causes.
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2004;33(1):17-26, vii.
2004: Minna Tiittanen; Mikael Knip; Outi Vaarala
Anti-insulin activity in IgG-fractions from children with newly-diagnosed type 1 diabetes and negative for insulin autoantibodies.
Autoimmunity 2004;37(1):45-9.
2004: Sari Koskenmies; Outi Vaarala; Elisabeth Widen; Juha Kere; Timo Palosuo; Heikki Julkunen
The association of antibodies to cardiolipin, beta 2-glycoprotein I, prothrombin, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein with thrombosis in 292 patients with familial and sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus.
Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2004;33(4):246-52.
2003: Outi Vaarala
Immunological effects of probiotics with special reference to lactobacilli.
Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2003;33(12):1634-40.
2003: Jeanette Wahlberg; Jenny Fredriksson; Outi Vaarala; Johnny Ludvigsson
Vaccinations may induce diabetes-related autoantibodies in one-year-old children.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2003;1005():404-8.
2003: Hanna Holmberg; Outi Vaarala; Karin Fälth-Magnusson; Johnny Ludvigsson
Induction of diabetes-related autoantibodies below cutoff for "positivity" in young nondiabetic children.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2003;1005():269-74.
2003: Riikka Nissinen; Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo; Minna Tiittanen; Heikki Julkunen; Hanna Hirvonen; Timo Palosuo; Outi Vaarala
CCR3, CCR5, interleukin 4, and interferon-gamma expression on synovial and peripheral T cells and monocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
The Journal of rheumatology 2003;30(9):1928-34.
2003: Mia Westerholm-Ormio; Outi Vaarala; Päivi Pihkala; Jorma Ilonen; Erkki Savilahti
Immunologic activity in the small intestinal mucosa of pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes 2003;52(9):2287-95.
2003: Helena Kervinen; Tiina Huittinen; Outi Vaarala; Maija Leinonen; Pekka Saikku; Vesa Manninen; Matti Mänttäri
Antibodies to human heat shock protein 60, hypertension and dyslipidemia. A study of joint effects on coronary risk.
Atherosclerosis 2003;169(2):339-44.
2003: Salla Saijets; Petri Ylipaasto; Outi Vaarala; Tapani Hovi; Merja Roivainen
Enterovirus infection and activation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Journal of medical virology 2003;70(3):430-9.
2003: Ase Karttunen; Tuija Pöyry; Outi Vaarala; Jorma Ilonen; Tapani Hovi; Merja Roivainen; Timo Hyypiä
Variation in enterovirus receptor genes.
Journal of medical virology 2003;70(1):99-108.
2003: Berta Davydova; Taina Härkönen; S Kaialainen; Tapani Hovi; Outi Vaarala; Merja Roivainen
Coxsackievirus immunization delays onset of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice.
Journal of medical virology 2003;69(4):510-20.
2003: Taina Härkönen; Anja Paananen; Hilkka Lankinen; Tapani Hovi; Outi Vaarala; Merja Roivainen
Enterovirus infection may induce humoral immune response reacting with islet cell autoantigens in humans.
Journal of medical virology 2003;69(3):426-40.
2003: Riikka Nissinen; Leena Paimela; Heikki Julkunen; P J Tienari; Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo; Timo Palosuo; Outi Vaarala
Peptidylarginine deiminase, the arginine to citrulline converting enzyme, is frequently recognized by sera of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren syndrome.
Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 2003;32(6):337-42.
2002: M Blomqvist; S Juhela; S Erkkila; Sari Korhonen; Tuula Simell; Antti Kupila; Outi Vaarala; Olli Simell; Mikael Knip; Jorma Ilonen
Rotavirus infections and development of diabetes-associated autoantibodies during the first 2 years of life.
Clinical and experimental immunology 2002;128(3):511-5.
2002: Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala; Heikki Hyöty; Jorma Ilonen; Mikael Knip
Environmental factors in the etiology of type 1 diabetes.
American journal of medical genetics 2002;115(1):18-29.
2002: Outi Vaarala; P Klemetti; S Juhela; Olli Simell; Heikki Hyöty; Jorma Ilonen
Effect of coincident enterovirus infection and cows' milk exposure on immunisation to insulin in early infancy.
Diabetologia 2002;45(4):531-4.
2002: Outi Vaarala
The gut immune system and type 1 diabetes.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2002;958():39-46.
2002: Vilho Limnell; Janne Aittoniemi; Outi Vaarala; Terho Lehtimäki; Seppo Laine; Vesa Virtanen; Timo Palosuo; Ari Miettinen
Association of mannan-binding lectin deficiency with venous bypass graft occlusions in patients with coronary heart disease.
Cardiology 2002;98(3):123-6.
2002: Seppo Vainio; Sanna Heino; Jan-Eric Mansson; Pam Fredman; Esa Kuismanen; Outi Vaarala; Elina Ikonen
Dynamic association of human insulin receptor with lipid rafts in cells lacking caveolae.
EMBO reports 2002;3(1):95-100.
2001: Jane Marttila; S Juhela; Outi Vaarala; Heikki Hyöty; Merja Roivainen; Ari E Hinkkanen; Pekka Vilja; Olli Simell; Jorma Ilonen
Responses of coxsackievirus B4-specific T-cell lines to 2C protein-characterization of epitopes with special reference to the GAD65 homology region.
Virology 2001;284(1):131-41.
2001: Eija Korpinen; Per-Henrik Groop; Johan Fagerudd; Anna-Maija Teppo; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Increased secretion of TGF-beta1 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy.
Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 2001;18(2):121-5.
2001: Markus Halminen; S Juhela; Outi Vaarala; Olli Simell; Jorma Ilonen
Induction of interferon-gamma and IL-4 production by mitogen and specific antigens in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Type 1 diabetes patients.
Autoimmunity 2001;34(1):1-8.
2001: Marja Puurunen; Timo Palosuo; Riitta Lassila; M Anttila; Outi Vaarala
Immunologic and hematologic properties of antibodies to prothrombin and plasminogen in a mouse model.
Lupus 2001;10(2):108-15.
2000: Jukka Peltola; Anna-Maija Haapala; Jouko I T Isojärvi; Anssi Auvinen; Johanna Palmio; K Latvala; Petri Kulmala; Seppo Laine; Outi Vaarala; Tapani Keränen
Antiphospholipid and antinuclear antibodies in patients with epilepsy or new-onset seizure disorders.
The American journal of medicine 2000;109(9):712-7.
2000: Outi Vaarala
The role of the gut in beta-cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: a hypothesis.
Pediatric diabetes 2000;1(4):217-25.
2000: Timo Otonkoski; Merja Roivainen; Outi Vaarala; B Dinesen; Jaana A Leipälä; Tapani Hovi; Mikael Knip
Neonatal Type I diabetes associated with maternal echovirus 6 infection: a case report.
Diabetologia 2000;43(10):1235-8.
2000: Johanna Paronen; Mikael Knip; Erkki Savilahti; Suvi M Virtanen; Jorma Ilonen; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Effect of cow's milk exposure and maternal type 1 diabetes on cellular and humoral immunization to dietary insulin in infants at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Finnish Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk Study Group.
Diabetes 2000;49(10):1657-65.
2000: Johanna Paronen; B Björkstén; G Hattevig; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Effect of maternal diet during lactation on development of bovine insulin-binding antibodies in children at risk for allergy.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2000;106(2):302-6.
2000: Eija Korpinen; Anna-Maija Teppo; L Hukkanen; Hans K Akerblom; Carola Grönhagen-Riska; Outi Vaarala
Urinary transforming growth factor-beta1 and alpha1-microglobulin in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes care 2000;23(5):664-8.
2000: Juha Sinisalo; Johanna Paronen; Kimmo J Mattila; Martti Syrjälä; G Alfthan; Timo Palosuo; Markku S Nieminen; Outi Vaarala
Relation of inflammation to vascular function in patients with coronary heart disease.
Atherosclerosis 2000;149(2):403-11.
2000: P Klemetti; P Björses; Tiinamaija Tuomi; Jaakko Perheentupa; Jukka Partanen; N Rautonen; A Hinkkanen; Jorma Ilonen; Outi Vaarala
Autoimmunity to glutamic acid decarboxylase in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED).
Clinical and experimental immunology 2000;119(3):419-25.
2000: Kristiina M Saarinen; Kaisu Juntunen-Backman; Anna-Liisa Järvenpää; P Klemetti; P Kuitunen; Leena Lope; Martin Renlund; M Siivola; Outi Vaarala; Erkki Savilahti
Breast-feeding and the development of cows' milk protein allergy.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2000;478():121-30.
2000: Outi Vaarala
Antibodies to oxidised LDL.
Lupus 2000;9(3):202-5.
1999: Kristiina M Saarinen; Outi Vaarala; P Klemetti; Erkki Savilahti
Transforming growth factor-beta1 in mothers' colostrum and immune responses to cows' milk proteins in infants with cows' milk allergy.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 1999;104(5):1093-8.
1999: Eija Korpinen; Per-Henrik Groop; A Rautio; László Madácsy; A Reunanen; Outi Vaarala; Hans K Akerblom
N-acetyltransferase-2 polymorphism, smoking and type 1 diabetic nephropathy.
Pharmacogenetics 1999;9(5):627-33.
1999: P Klemetti; Heikki Hyöty; Merja Roivainen; Jorma Ilonen; Kaisa Savola; Mikael Knip; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Relation between T-cell responses to glutamate decarboxylase and coxsackievirus B4 in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 1999;14(2):95-105.
1999: Outi Vaarala
Gut and the induction of immune tolerance in type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews 1999;15(5):353-61.
1999: Outi Vaarala; Mikael Knip; Johanna Paronen; Anu-Maaria Hämäläinen; P Muona; M Väätäinen; Jorma Ilonen; Olli Simell; Hans K Akerblom
Cow's milk formula feeding induces primary immunization to insulin in infants at genetic risk for type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes 1999;48(7):1389-94.
1999: Outi Vaarala; H Hyöty; H K Akerblom
Environmental factors in the aetiology of childhood diabetes.
Diabetes, nutrition & metabolism 1999;12(2):75-85.
1998: Outi Vaarala; Johanna Paronen; Timo Otonkoski; Hans K Akerblom
Cow milk feeding induces antibodies to insulin in children--a link between cow milk and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus?
Scandinavian journal of immunology 1998;47(2):131-5.
1998: Marja Puurunen; Matti Mänttäri; Vesa Manninen; Timo Palosuo; Outi Vaarala
Antibodies to prothrombin crossreact with plasminogen in patients developing myocardial infarction.
British journal of haematology 1998;100(2):374-9.
1998: Outi Vaarala
Antiphospholipid antibodies and myocardial infarction.
Lupus 1998;7 Suppl 2():S132-4.
1998: P Klemetti; Erkki Savilahti; Jorma Ilonen; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
T-cell reactivity to wheat gluten in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Scandinavian journal of immunology 1998;47(1):48-53.
1997: Timo Palosuo; Jarmo Virtamo; Jari Haukka; P R Taylor; K Aho; Marja Puurunen; Outi Vaarala
High antibody levels to prothrombin imply a risk of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in middle-aged men--a nested case-control study.
Thrombosis and haemostasis 1997;78(4):1178-82.
1997: Markus Halminen; P Klemetti; Outi Vaarala; Mikko Hurme; Jorma Ilonen
Interferon-gamma production in antigen specific T cell response: quantitation of specific mRNA and secreted protein.
Scandinavian journal of immunology 1997;46(4):388-92.
1997: Eija Korpinen; Per-Henrik Groop; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Immune response to glycated and oxidized LDL in IDDM patients with and without renal disease.
Diabetes care 1997;20(7):1168-71.
1997: Johanna Paronen; P Klemetti; Jussi M Kantele; Erkki Savilahti; Jaakko Perheentupa; Hans K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Glutamate decarboxylase-reactive peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with IDDM express gut-specific homing receptor alpha4beta7-integrin.
Diabetes 1997;46(4):583-8.
1997: H K Akerblom; Outi Vaarala
Cow milk proteins, autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes.
Experimental and clinical endocrinology & diabetes : official journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association 1997;105(2):83-5.
1996: K Ailus; Maija Tulppala; Timo Palosuo; Olavi Ylikorkala; Outi Vaarala
Antibodies to beta 2-glycoprotein I and prothrombin in habitual abortion.
Fertility and sterility 1996;66(6):937-41.
1996: Kimmo Aho; Outi Vaarala; Leena Tenkanen; Heikki Julkunen; T Jouhikainen; G Alfthan; Timo Palosuo
Antibodies binding to anionic phospholipids but not to oxidized low-density lipoprotein are associated with thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Clinical and experimental rheumatology 1996;14(5):499-506.
1996: Johanna Paronen; Outi Vaarala; Erkki Savilahti; Tero Saukkonen; Hans K Akerblom
Soluble adhesion molecules and oral antigen feeding in infants.
Pediatric research 1996;40(2):276-9.
1996: Marja Puurunen; Outi Vaarala; Heikki Julkunen; Kimmo Aho; Timo Palosuo
Antibodies to phospholipid-binding plasma proteins and occurrence of thrombosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Clinical immunology and immunopathology 1996;80(1):16-22.
1996: Outi Vaarala; Marja Puurunen; M Lukka; G Alfthan; Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo; Kimmo Aho; Timo Palosuo
Affinity-purified cardiolipin-binding antibodies show heterogeneity in their binding to oxidized low-density lipoprotein.
Clinical and experimental immunology 1996;104(2):269-74.
1996: Outi Vaarala; Marja Puurunen; Matti Mänttäri; Vesa Manninen; Kimmo Aho; Timo Palosuo
Antibodies to prothrombin imply a risk of myocardial infarction in middle-aged men.
Thrombosis and haemostasis 1996;75(3):456-9.
1996: Outi Vaarala; J Kaste; P Klemetti; Tero Saukkonen; Erkki Savilahti; Hans K Akerblom
Development of immune response to orally administered cow milk protein in young children.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1996;778():429-30.
1996: Outi Vaarala; P Klemetti; Erkki Savilahti; Helena Reijonen; Jorma Ilonen; Hans K Akerblom
Cellular immune response to cow's milk beta-lactoglobulin in patients with newly diagnosed IDDM.
Diabetes 1996;45(2):178-82.
1995: Outi Vaarala; Tero Saukkonen; Erkki Savilahti; T Klemola; Hans K Akerblom
Development of immune response to cow's milk proteins in infants receiving cow's milk or hydrolyzed formula.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 1995;96(6 Pt 1):917-23.
1995: Marja Puurunen; T. Sakari Jokiranta; Outi Vaarala; S Meri
Lack of functional similarity between complement factor H and anticardiolipin cofactor, beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H).
Scandinavian journal of immunology 1995;42(5):547-50.
1995: Outi Vaarala; Matti Mänttäri; Vesa Manninen; Leena Tenkanen; Marja Puurunen; Kimmo Aho; Timo Palosuo
Anti-cardiolipin antibodies and risk of myocardial infarction in a prospective cohort of middle-aged men.
Circulation 1995;91(1):23-7.
1995: Aslak Savolainen; R von Essen; J Leikola; G Alfthan; Outi Vaarala; Timo Palosuo; Kimmo Aho
Antibodies against oxidised low-density lipoprotein in juvenile chronic arthritis.
Scandinavian journal of rheumatology 1995;24(4):209-11.
1994: Marja Puurunen; Matti Mänttäri; Vesa Manninen; Leena Tenkanen; G Alfthan; C Ehnholm; Outi Vaarala; Kimmo Aho; Timo Palosuo
Antibody against oxidized low-density lipoprotein predicting myocardial infarction.
Archives of internal medicine 1994;154(22):2605-9.
1994: Tero Saukkonen; Erkki Savilahti; Outi Vaarala; E T Virtala; Jaakko Tuomilehto; Hans K Akerblom
Children with newly diagnosed IDDM have increased levels of antibodies to bovine serum albumin but not to ovalbumin. Childhood Diabetes in Finland Study Group.
Diabetes care 1994;17(9):970-6.
1994: K Aho; M Seuri; J Leikola; G Alfthan; Outi Vaarala; Timo Palosuo
Serum antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein.
Lancet 1994;344(8916):199-200.
1993: Outi Vaarala; G Alfthan; M Jauhiainen; Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo; Kimmo Aho; Timo Palosuo
Crossreaction between antibodies to oxidised low-density lipoprotein and to cardiolipin in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Lancet 1993;341(8850):923-5.
1992: T Jouhikainen; Heikki Julkunen; Outi Vaarala; Marjatta Leirisalo-Repo; E Stephansson; Elina Vahtera; Timo Palosuo; G Myllylä
Antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison of three lupus anticoagulant assays and anticardiolipin ELISA in 188 patients.
Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis : an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 1992;3(4):407-14.
1991: E Stephansson; Katri Niemi; T Jouhikainen; Outi Vaarala; Timo Palosuo
Lupus anticoagulant and the skin. A longterm follow-up study of SLE patients with special reference to histopathological findings.
Acta dermato-venereologica 1991;71(5):416-22.
1990: Outi Vaarala; E Salo; Pirkko Pelkonen; Timo Palosuo; Kimmo Aho
Anticardiolipin response in Kawasaki disease.
Acta paediatrica Scandinavica 1990;79(8-9):804-9.
1989: M Koskenvuo; J Leikola; Timo Palosuo; Outi Vaarala; Kimmo Aho
False-positive seroreactions for syphilis as a harbinger of disease revisited.
Clinical and experimental rheumatology 1989;7(1):75-8.
1988: J Syrjänen; Outi Vaarala; M Iivanainen; Timo Palosuo; Ville Valtonen; K Aho
Anticardiolipin response and its association with infections in young and middle-aged patients with cerebral infarction.
Acta neurologica Scandinavica 1988;78(5):381-6.
1988: Outi Vaarala; Martti Vaara; Timo Palosuo
Effective inhibition of cardiolipin-binding antibodies in gram-negative infections by bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
Scandinavian journal of immunology 1988;28(5):607-12.
1988: Pirkko Pelkonen; O Simell; Vesa Rasi; Outi Vaarala
Venous thrombosis associated with lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies.
Acta paediatrica Scandinavica 1988;77(5):767-72.
1988: P Koskela; Outi Vaarala; R Mäkitalo; Timo Palosuo; Kimmo Aho
Significance of false positive syphilis reactions and anticardiolipin antibodies in a nationwide series of pregnant women.
The Journal of rheumatology 1988;15(1):70-3.
1987: Outi Vaarala; Timo Palosuo; Martti Vaara; Pirkko Pelkonen; Kimmo Aho
Infection, anticardiolipin and thrombosis.
Scandinavian journal of rheumatology. Supplement 1987;67():36-8.