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George Brainard

Research Profile

Chemicals & Drugs

Melatonin

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Seasonal Affective Disorders

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Robert T Dauchy; Lynell M Dupepe; Sheena L Gauthreaux; John P Hanifin; Steven M Hill; Michael R Jablonski; Lulu Mao; Tara G Ooms; Benjamin Warfield; Melissa A Wren; Victoria P Belancio; George C Brainard; Erin M Dauchy; David E Blask
Effects of spectral transmittance through standard laboratory cages on circadian metabolism and physiology in nude rats.
Lulu Mao; Bin Shan; Lauren M Slakey; Shulin Xiang; Lin Yuan; David E Blask; George C Brainard; Erin M Dauchy; Robert T Dauchy; Tamika T Duplessis; Tripp Frasch; John P Hanifin; Steven M Hill
Circadian gating of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells via melatonin-regulation of GSK3β.
Laura K Barger; George C Brainard; Edna R Fiedler; Erin E Flynn-Evans; Kirby Gilliland; Laurence M McKenna; Walter E Sipes; Peter H Smith; Jason P Sullivan; Andrea S Vincent; Steven W Lockley
Learning to live on a Mars day: fatigue countermeasures during the Phoenix Mars Lander mission.

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All Publications

2013: Robert T Dauchy; Lynell M Dupepe; Sheena L Gauthreaux; John P Hanifin; Steven M Hill; Michael R Jablonski; Lulu Mao; Tara G Ooms; Benjamin Warfield; Melissa A Wren; Victoria P Belancio; George C Brainard; Erin M Dauchy; David E Blask
Effects of spectral transmittance through standard laboratory cages on circadian metabolism and physiology in nude rats.
Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS 2013;52(2):146-56.
2012: Lulu Mao; Bin Shan; Lauren M Slakey; Shulin Xiang; Lin Yuan; David E Blask; George C Brainard; Erin M Dauchy; Robert T Dauchy; Tamika T Duplessis; Tripp Frasch; John P Hanifin; Steven M Hill
Circadian gating of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells via melatonin-regulation of GSK3β.
Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) 2012;26(11):1808-20.
2012: Laura K Barger; George C Brainard; Edna R Fiedler; Erin E Flynn-Evans; Kirby Gilliland; Laurence M McKenna; Walter E Sipes; Peter H Smith; Jason P Sullivan; Andrea S Vincent; Steven W Lockley
Learning to live on a Mars day: fatigue countermeasures during the Phoenix Mars Lander mission.
Sleep 2012;35(10):1423-35.
2011: Kathleen E West; Michael R Jablonski; Benjamin Warfield; Kate S Cecil; Mary James; Melissa A Ayers; James Maida; Charles Bowen; David H. SLINEY; Mark D Rollag; John P Hanifin; George C Brainard
Blue light from light-emitting diodes elicits a dose-dependent suppression of melatonin in humans.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 2011;110(3):619-26.
2010: Joshua J Gooley; Shantha M W Rajaratnam; George C Brainard; Richard E Kronauer; Charles A Czeisler; Steven W Lockley
Spectral responses of the human circadian system depend on the irradiance and duration of exposure to light.
Science translational medicine 2010;2(31):31ra33.
2009: David E Blask; Robert T Dauchy; George C Brainard; John P Hanifin
Circadian stage-dependent inhibition of human breast cancer metabolism and growth by the nocturnal melatonin signal: consequences of its disruption by light at night in rats and women.
Integrative cancer therapies 2009;8(4):347-53.
2009: Mohammadreza Hojat; Michael J Vergare; Kaye Maxwell; George C Brainard; Steven K Herrine; Gerald A Isenberg; J Jon Veloski; Joseph S Gonnella
The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school.
Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges 2009;84(9):1182-91.
2008: George C Brainard; David H. SLINEY; John P Hanifin; Gena Glickman; Brenda Byrne; Jeffrey Greeson; Samar A Jasser; Edward Gerner; Mark D Rollag
Sensitivity of the human circadian system to short-wavelength (420-nm) light.
Journal of biological rhythms 2008;23(5):379-86.
2008: Jeffrey Greeson; Steven Rosenzweig; Steven C Halbert; Ira S Cantor; Matthew T Keener; George C Brainard
Integrative medicine research at an academic medical center: patient characteristics and health-related quality-of-life outcomes.
Journal of alternative and complementary medicine (New York, N.Y.) 2008;14(6):763-7.
2007: Farhan H Zaidi; Joseph T Hull; Stuart N Peirson; Katharina Wulff; Daniel Aeschbach; Joshua J Gooley; George C Brainard; Kevin Gregory-Evans; Joseph F Rizzo; Charles A Czeisler; Russell G Foster; Merrick J Moseley; Steven W Lockley
Short-wavelength light sensitivity of circadian, pupillary, and visual awareness in humans lacking an outer retina.
Current biology : CB 2007;17(24):2122-8.
2007: Richard G Stevens; David E Blask; George C Brainard; Johnni Hansen; Steven W Lockley; Ignacio Provencio; Mark S Rea; Leslie Reinlib
Meeting report: the role of environmental lighting and circadian disruption in cancer and other diseases.
Environmental health perspectives 2007;115(9):1357-62.
2007: John P Hanifin; George C Brainard
Photoreception for circadian, neuroendocrine, and neurobehavioral regulation.
Journal of physiological anthropology 2007;26(2):87-94.
2006: Samar A Jasser; John P Hanifin; Mark D Rollag; George C Brainard
Dim light adaptation attenuates acute melatonin suppression in humans.
Journal of biological rhythms 2006;21(5):394-404.
2006: Samar A Jasser; David E Blask; George C Brainard
Light during darkness and cancer: relationships in circadian photoreception and tumor biology.
Cancer causes & control : CCC 2006;17(4):515-23.
2006: Daniel A Monti; Caroline Peterson; Elisabeth J S Kunkel; Walter W Hauck; Ed Pequignot; Lora Rhodes; George C Brainard
A randomized, controlled trial of mindfulness-based art therapy (MBAT) for women with cancer.
Psycho-oncology 2006;15(5):363-73.
2006: Gena Glickman; Brenda Byrne; Carissa Pineda; Walter W Hauck; George C Brainard
Light therapy for seasonal affective disorder with blue narrow-band light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Biological psychiatry 2006;59(6):502-7.
2006: Steven W Lockley; Erin E Evans; Frank A J L Scheer; George C Brainard; Charles A Czeisler; Daniel Aeschbach
Short-wavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness, vigilance, and the waking electroencephalogram in humans.
Sleep 2006;29(2):161-8.
2006: John P Hanifin; Karen T Stewart; Peter Smith; Roger Tanner; Mark D Rollag; George C Brainard
High-intensity red light suppresses melatonin.
Chronobiology international 2006;23(1-2):251-68.
2005: David E Blask; George C Brainard; Robert T Dauchy; John P Hanifin; Leslie K Davidson; Jean A Krause; Leonard A Sauer; Moises A Rivera-Bermudez; Margarita L Dubocovich; Samar A Jasser; Darin T Lynch; Mark D Rollag; Frederick Zalatan
Melatonin-depleted blood from premenopausal women exposed to light at night stimulates growth of human breast cancer xenografts in nude rats.
Cancer research 2005;65(23):11174-84.
2005: George C Brainard; John P Hanifin
Photons, clocks, and consciousness.
Journal of biological rhythms 2005;20(4):314-25.
2005: Robert L Fucci; James Gardner; John P Hanifin; Samar A Jasser; Brenda Byrne; Edward Gerner; Mark D Rollag; George C Brainard
Toward optimizing lighting as a countermeasure to sleep and circadian disruption in space flight.
Acta astronautica 2005;56(9-12):1017-24.
2003: Steven W Lockley; George C Brainard; Charles A Czeisler
High sensitivity of the human circadian melatonin rhythm to resetting by short wavelength light.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2003;88(9):4502-5.
2003: David E Blask; Robert T Dauchy; Leonard A Sauer; Jean A Krause; George C Brainard
Growth and fatty acid metabolism of human breast cancer (MCF-7) xenografts in nude rats: impact of constant light-induced nocturnal melatonin suppression.
Breast cancer research and treatment 2003;79(3):313-20.
2003: Gena Glickman; John P Hanifin; Mark D Rollag; Jenny Wang; Howard Cooper; George C Brainard
Inferior retinal light exposure is more effective than superior retinal exposure in suppressing melatonin in humans.
Journal of biological rhythms 2003;18(1):71-9.
2003: Steven Rosenzweig; Diane K Reibel; Jeffrey Greeson; George C Brainard; Mohammadreza Hojat
Mindfulness-based stress reduction lowers psychological distress in medical students.
Teaching and learning in medicine 2003;15(2):88-92.
2002: Ziad Boulos; M Mila Macchi; Matius P Stürchler; Karen T Stewart; George C Brainard; Andrea Suhner; Gordon Wallace; Robert Steffen
Light visor treatment for jet lag after westward travel across six time zones.
Aviation, space, and environmental medicine 2002;73(10):953-63.
2002: David E Blask; Robert T Dauchy; Leonard A Sauer; Jean A Krause; George C Brainard
Light during darkness, melatonin suppression and cancer progression.
Neuro endocrinology letters 2002;23 Suppl 2():52-6.
2002: Gena Glickman; Robert Levin; George C Brainard
Ocular input for human melatonin regulation: relevance to breast cancer.
Neuro endocrinology letters 2002;23 Suppl 2():17-22.
2001: George C Brainard; John P Hanifin; Jeffrey Greeson; Brenda Byrne; Gena Glickman; Edward Gerner; Mark D Rollag
Action spectrum for melatonin regulation in humans: evidence for a novel circadian photoreceptor.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2001;21(16):6405-12.
2001: Diane K Reibel; Jeffrey Greeson; George C Brainard; Steven Rosenzweig
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health-related quality of life in a heterogeneous patient population.
General hospital psychiatry 2001;23(4):183-92.
2001: George C Brainard; John P Hanifin; F M Barker; BE Sanford; M H Stetson
Influence of near-ultraviolet radiation on reproductive and immunological development in juvenile male Siberian hamsters.
The Journal of experimental biology 2001;204(Pt 14):2535-41.
2001: George C Brainard; John P Hanifin; Mark D Rollag; Jeffrey Greeson; Brenda Byrne; Gena Glickman; Edward Gerner; BE Sanford
Human melatonin regulation is not mediated by the three cone photopic visual system.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2001;86(1):433-6.
2000: B Byrne; Mark D Rollag; J P Hanifin; C Reed; George C Brainard
Bright light imagery does not suppress melatonin.
Journal of pineal research 2000;29(1):62-4.
2000: George C Brainard; Mark D Rollag; John P Hanifin; G van den Beld; BE Sanford
The effect of polarized versus nonpolarized light on melatonin regulation in humans.
Photochemistry and photobiology 2000;71(6):766-70.
1999: Robert T Dauchy; David E Blask; Leonard A Sauer; George C Brainard; Jean A Krause
Dim light during darkness stimulates tumor progression by enhancing tumor fatty acid uptake and metabolism.
Cancer letters 1999;144(2):131-6.
1999: D S Heeke; M P White; G D Mele; John P Hanifin; George C Brainard; Mark D Rollag; C M Winget; DC Holley
Light-emitting diodes and cool white fluorescent light similarly suppress pineal gland melatonin and maintain retinal function and morphology in the rat.
Laboratory animal science 1999;49(3):297-304.
1999: George C Brainard; S Beacham; BE Sanford; John P Hanifin; L Streletz; David H. SLINEY
Near ultraviolet radiation elicits visual evoked potentials in children.
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 1999;110(3):379-83.
1999: George C Brainard; Robert Kavet; Leeka Kheifets
The relationship between electromagnetic field and light exposures to melatonin and breast cancer risk: a review of the relevant literature.
Journal of pineal research 1999;26(2):65-100.
1998: Y Zhang; George C Brainard; P C Zee; L H Pinto; Joseph S Takahashi; F W Turek
Effects of aging on lens transmittance and retinal input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus in golden hamsters.
Neuroscience letters 1998;258(3):167-70.
1997: George C Brainard; Mark D Rollag; John P Hanifin
Photic regulation of melatonin in humans: ocular and neural signal transduction.
Journal of biological rhythms 1997;12(6):537-46.
1996: B E Sanford; S Beacham; J P Hanifin; P Hannon; L Streletz; David H. SLINEY; George C Brainard
The effects of ultraviolet-A radiation on visual evoked potentials in the young human eye.
Acta ophthalmologica Scandinavica 1996;74(6):553-7.
1996: F L Ruberg; Debra Jean Skene; J P Hanifin; Mark D Rollag; J English; J Arendt; George C Brainard
Melatonin regulation in humans with color vision deficiencies.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 1996;81(8):2980-5.
1994: George C Brainard; F M Barker; R J Hoffman; Milton H Stetson; J P Hanifin; P L Podolin; Mark D Rollag
Ultraviolet regulation of neuroendocrine and circadian physiology in rodents.
Vision research 1994;34(11):1521-33.
1994: J S Schiffman; H M Lasch; Mark D Rollag; A E Flanders; George C Brainard; D L Burk
Effect of MR imaging on the normal human pineal body: measurement of plasma melatonin levels.
Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI 1994;4(1):7-11.
1993: J R Gaddy; Mark D Rollag; George C Brainard
Pupil size regulation of threshold of light-induced melatonin suppression.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 1993;77(5):1398-401.
1993: Norman Rosenthal; D E Moul; C J Hellekson; D A Oren; A Frank; George C Brainard; M G Murray; Thomas Wehr
A multicenter study of the light visor for seasonal affective disorder: no difference in efficacy found between two different intensities.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1993;8(2):151-60.
1992: M Waxler; R H James; George C Brainard; D E Moul; D A Oren; Norman Rosenthal
Retinopathy and bright light therapy.
The American journal of psychiatry 1992;149(11):1610-1.
1992: J M Bertoni; P M Sprenkle; J P Hanifin; Milton H Stetson; George C Brainard
Effects of short photoperiod on ATPase activities in the testis of the immature Siberian hamster.
Biology of reproduction 1992;47(4):509-13.
1991: K T Stewart; J R Gaddy; B Byrne; S Miller; George C Brainard
Effects of green or white light for treatment of seasonal depression.
Psychiatry research 1991;38(3):261-70.
1991: D A Oren; George C Brainard; S H Johnston; J R Joseph-Vanderpool; E Sorek; Norman Rosenthal
Treatment of seasonal affective disorder with green light and red light.
The American journal of psychiatry 1991;148(4):509-11.
1990: George C Brainard; D Sherry; R G Skwerer; M Waxler; K Kelly; Norman Rosenthal
Effects of different wavelengths in seasonal affective disorder.
Journal of affective disorders 1990;20(4):209-16.
1990: Karl Doghramji; J R Gaddy; K T Stewart; N E Rosenthal; George C Brainard
2- versus 4-hour evening phototherapy of seasonal affective disorder.
The Journal of nervous and mental disease 1990;178(4):257-60.
1990: K T Stewart; J R Gaddy; D M Benson; B Byrne; Karl Doghramji; George C Brainard
Treatment of winter depression with a portable, head-mounted phototherapy device.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 1990;14(4):569-78.
1990: J R Gaddy; K T Stewart; B Byrne; Karl Doghramji; Mark D Rollag; George C Brainard
Light-induced plasma melatonin suppression in seasonal affective disorder.
Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 1990;14(4):563-8.
1989: G Florant; R Green; T Abel; S Hartzell; L Tamarkin; George C Brainard
Melatonin profile in marmots: the influence of catecholamines, hibernation, and light.
Journal of pineal research 1989;7(2):105-13.
1988: George C Brainard; Alfred J Lewy; M Menaker; R H Fredrickson; L S Miller; Richard G Weleber; V Cassone; D Hudson
Dose-response relationship between light irradiance and the suppression of plasma melatonin in human volunteers.
Brain research 1988;454(1-2):212-8.
1988: George C Brainard; M Watson-Whitmeyer; RL Knobler; Fred D Lublin
Neuroendocrine regulation of immune parameters. Photoperiod control of the spleen in Syrian hamsters.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1988;540():704-6.
1988: RL Knobler; George C Brainard; M Perreault; C D'Imperio; P Phenix; Fred D Lublin
Immune effects of intracerebral infection with mouse hepatitis virus.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1988;540():642-4.
1987: George C Brainard; William Morgan
Light-induced stimulation of retinal dopamine: a dose-response relationship.
Brain research 1987;424(1):199-203.
1987: H M Benshoff; George C Brainard; Mark D Rollag; G R Lynch
Suppression of pineal melatonin in Peromyscus leucopus by different monochromatic wavelengths of visible and near-ultraviolet light (UV-A).
Brain research 1987;420(2):397-402.
1987: P L Podolin; Mark D Rollag; George C Brainard
The suppression of nocturnal pineal melatonin in the Syrian hamster: dose-response curves at 500 and 360 nm.
Endocrinology 1987;121(1):266-70.
1987: George C Brainard; R J Schwartzman; G M Alexander
Quantitative autoradiographic maps of local cerebral glucose metabolism in awake rats: I. Septal region and anterior hypothalamus.
The Journal of comparative neurology 1987;259(4):559-70.
1987: J M Bertoni; P M Sprenkle; George C Brainard
Effects of different light wavelengths at equal irradiance on testis weight, protein content, and K-paranitrophenylphosphatase activity in the Syrian hamster.
Life sciences 1987;40(15):1479-86.
1987: George C Brainard; R L Knobler; P L Podolin; M Lavasa; F D Lublin
Neuroimmunology: modulation of the hamster immune system by photoperiod.
Life sciences 1987;40(13):1319-26.
1987: J M Bertoni; P M Sprenkle; Mark D Rollag; S Binkley; George C Brainard
Diurnal variation of cation pump enzyme activity in pineal and seven other rat brain regions.
Journal of pineal research 1987;4(1):33-43.
1986: George C Brainard; P L Podolin; S W Leivy; Mark D Rollag; C Cole; F M Barker
Near-ultraviolet radiation suppresses pineal melatonin content.
Endocrinology 1986;119(5):2201-5.
1986: George C Brainard; M K Vaughan; Russel J Reiter
Effect of light irradiance and wavelength on the Syrian hamster reproductive system.
Endocrinology 1986;119(2):648-54.
1985: M K Vaughan; George C Brainard; Russel J Reiter
Photoperiodic and light spectral conditions which inhibit circulating concentrations of thyroxine in the male hamster.
Life sciences 1985;36(23):2183-8.
1984: George C Brainard; M K Vaughan; Russel J Reiter
The influence of artificial and natural short photoperiods on male Syrian hamsters: reproductive effects.
International journal of biometeorology 1984;28(4):317-25.
1984: George C Brainard; S A Matthews; R W Steger; Russel J Reiter; R H Asch
Day:night variations of melatonin, 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid, serotonin, serotonin N-acetyltransferase, tryptophan, norepinephrine and dopamine in the rabbit pineal gland.
Life sciences 1984;35(15):1615-22.
1984: M K Vaughan; George C Brainard; Russel J Reiter
The influence of natural short photoperiodic and temperature conditions on plasma thyroid hormones and cholesterol in male Syrian hamsters.
International journal of biometeorology 1984;28(3):201-10.
1984: George C Brainard; B A Richardson; T S King; Russel J Reiter
The influence of different light spectra on the suppression of pineal melatonin content in the Syrian hamster.
Brain research 1984;294(2):333-9.
1984: George C Brainard; B A Richardson; E C Hurlbut; S Steinlechner; S A Matthews; Russel J Reiter
The influence of various irradiances of artificial light, twilight, and moonlight on the suppression of pineal melatonin content in the Syrian hamster.
Journal of pineal research 1984;1(2):105-19.
1983: Russel J Reiter; E C Hurlbut; George C Brainard; S Steinlechner; B A Richardson
Influence of light irradiance on hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase activity, serotonin-N-acetyltransferase activity, and radioimmunoassayable melatonin levels in the pineal gland of the diurnally active Richardson's ground squirrel.
Brain research 1983;288(1-2):151-7.
1983: George C Brainard; B A Richardson; T S King; S A Matthews; Russel J Reiter
The suppression of pineal melatonin content and N-acetyltransferase activity by different light irradiances in the Syrian hamster: a dose-response relationship.
Endocrinology 1983;113(1):293-6.
1983: Thomas Champney; George C Brainard; B A Richardson; Russel J Reiter
Experimentally-induced diabetes reduces nocturnal pineal melatonin content in the Syrian hamster.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. A, Comparative physiology 1983;76(1):199-201.
1982: George C Brainard; L J Petterborg; B A Richardson; Russel J Reiter
Pineal melatonin in syrian hamsters: circadian and seasonal rhythms in animals maintained under laboratory and natural conditions.
Neuroendocrinology 1982;35(5):342-8.
1982: George C Brainard; B A Richardson; L J Petterborg; Russel J Reiter
The effect of different light intensities on pineal melatonin content.
Brain research 1982;233(1):75-81.
1982: M K Vaughan; M C Powanda; George C Brainard; L Y Johnson; Russel J Reiter
Effects of blinding or afternoon melatonin injections on plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, TSH and thyroid hormone levels in male and female Syrian hamsters.
Progress in clinical and biological research 1982;92():177-86.
1981: B A Richardson; M K Vaughan; George C Brainard; J J Huerter; R de la Santos; Russel J Reiter
Influence of morning melatonin injections on the antigonadotrophic effects of afternoon melatonin administration in male and female hamsters.
Neuroendocrinology 1981;33(2):112-7.
1981: L J Petterborg; Russel J Reiter; George C Brainard
Ovarian response of pinealectomized and intact white-footed mice kept under naturally short photoperiods.
Experientia 1981;37(3):247.
1980: H J Chen; George C Brainard; Russel J Reiter
Melatonin given in the morning prevents the suppressive action on the reproductive system of melatonin given in late afternoon.
Neuroendocrinology 1980;31(2):129-32.
1978: George C Brainard
Pineal research: the decade of transformation.
Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum 1978;(13):3-10.