FIND

researchers

DISCOVER

relevant articles

PROMOTE

your research

now for free

Camilla Björkman

Research Profile

Disorders

Living Beings

Cattle

Chemicals & Drugs

Procedures

Concepts & Ideas

Anatomy

Milk

Co-author Network

Publications

TOP 3
C Silverlås; H Bosaeus-Reineck; Katarina Näslund; Camilla Björkman
Is there a need for improved Cryptosporidium diagnostics in Swedish calves?
Jenny Frössling; Nina Håkansson; Camilla Björkman; Anna Ohlson; Maria Nöremark
Application of network analysis parameters in risk-based surveillance - examples based on cattle trade data and bovine infections in Sweden.
Anna Rosander; Camilla Björkman; Lars Frykberg; Bengt Guss; Katarina Näslund; Märit Pringle
Identification of immunogenic proteins in Treponema phagedenis-like strain V1 from digital dermatitis lesions by phage display.

Register for free to view:

Visualized networks:

See your personal network in
sophisticated graphical views

GeoTargeted Searches:

Locate experts around the world
and connect with global collaborators

Research Profiles:

See the research activity
of experts around the globe

Geonetwork of Camilla Björkman (preview)

Cities where this author has publications
Cities where co-authors of this author have publications

Flash Player Required

All Publications

2013: C Silverlås; H Bosaeus-Reineck; Katarina Näslund; Camilla Björkman
Is there a need for improved Cryptosporidium diagnostics in Swedish calves?
International journal for parasitology 2013;43(2):155-61.
2012: Jenny Frössling; Nina Håkansson; Camilla Björkman; Anna Ohlson; Maria Nöremark
Application of network analysis parameters in risk-based surveillance - examples based on cattle trade data and bovine infections in Sweden.
Preventive veterinary medicine 2012;105(3):202-8.
2011: Anna Rosander; Camilla Björkman; Lars Frykberg; Bengt Guss; Katarina Näslund; Märit Pringle
Identification of immunogenic proteins in Treponema phagedenis-like strain V1 from digital dermatitis lesions by phage display.
Veterinary microbiology 2011;153(3-4):315-22.
2010: Charlotte Silverlås; Kerstin de Verdier; Ulf Emanuelson; Jens G Mattsson; Camilla Björkman
Cryptosporidium infection in herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems.
Parasitology research 2010;107(6):1435-44.
2010: Camilla Björkman; Eva-Britt Jakubek; Jon M Arnemo; Jonas Malmsten
Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in gray wolves in Scandinavia.
Veterinary parasitology 2010;173(1-2):139-42.
2010: S Klevar; M Norström; Jorun Tharaldsen; T Clausen; Camilla Björkman
The prevalence and spatial clustering of Neospora caninum in dairy herds in Norway.
Veterinary parasitology 2010;170(1-2):153-7.
2010: Charlotte Silverlås; Katarina Näslund; Camilla Björkman; Jens G Mattsson
Molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium isolates from Swedish dairy cattle in relation to age, diarrhoea and region.
Veterinary parasitology 2010;169(3-4):289-95.
2010: Francois Beaudeau; Camilla Björkman; Stefan Alenius; Jenny Frössling
Spatial patterns of bovine corona virus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus in the Swedish beef cattle population.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 2010;52():33.
2010: Ann-Charlotte Karlsson; Stefan Alenius; Camilla Björkman; Y Persson; Stina Englund
Investigation of Chlamydiaceae in semen and cauda epididymidis and seroprevalence of Chlamydophila abortus in breeding bulls.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 2010;52():2.
2009: D J L Williams; C S Hartley; Camilla Björkman; Alexander J Trees
Endogenous and exogenous transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum - how the route of transmission impacts on epidemiology and control of disease.
Parasitology 2009;136(14):1895-900.
2009: Mélanie Loobuyck; Jenny Frössling; Ann Lindberg; Camilla Björkman
Seroprevalence and spatial distribution of Neospora caninum in a population of beef cattle.
Preventive veterinary medicine 2009;92(1-2):116-22.
2009: Charlotte Silverlås; Camilla Björkman; Agneta Egenvall
Systematic review and meta-analyses of the effects of halofuginone against calf cryptosporidiosis.
Preventive veterinary medicine 2009;91(2-4):73-84.
2009: Charlotte Silverlås; Ulf Emanuelson; Kerstin de Verdier; Camilla Björkman
Prevalence and associated management factors of Cryptosporidium shedding in 50 Swedish dairy herds.
Preventive veterinary medicine 2009;90(3-4):242-53.
2008: Jenny Frössling; Ane Nødtvedt; Ann Lindberg; Camilla Björkman
Spatial analysis of Neospora caninum distribution in dairy cattle from Sweden.
Geospatial health 2008;3(1):39-45.
2008: Jens G Mattsson; M Insulander; Marianne Lebbad; Camilla Björkman; B Svenungsson
Molecular typing of Cryptosporidium parvum associated with a diarrhoea outbreak identifies two sources of exposure.
Epidemiology and infection 2008;136(8):1147-52.
2008: Mai Chi Duong; Stefan Alenius; Lam Thi Thu Huong; Camilla Björkman
Prevalence of Neospora caninum and bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy cows in Southern Vietnam.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 2008;175(3):390-4.
2008: Ann-Charlotte Godin; Camilla Björkman; Stina Englund; Karl-Erik Johansson; Rauni Niskanen; Stefan Alenius
Investigation of Chlamydophila spp. in dairy cows with reproductive disorders.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 2008;50():39.
2007: Aran Chanlun; Ulf Emanuelson; Jenny Frössling; Suneerat Aiumlamai; Camilla Björkman
A longitudinal study of seroprevalence and seroconversion of Neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in northeast Thailand.
Veterinary parasitology 2007;146(3-4):242-8.
2007: Siv Klevar; Siri Kulberg; Preben Boysen; Anne K Storset; Torfinn Moldal; Camilla Björkman; Ingrid Olsen
Natural killer cells act as early responders in an experimental infection with Neospora caninum in calves.
International journal for parasitology 2007;37(3-4):329-39.
2007: D J L Williams; CS Guy; RF Smith; J Ellis; Camilla Björkman; Michael Reichel; Alexander J Trees
Immunization of cattle with live tachyzoites of Neospora caninum confers protection against fetal death.
Infection and immunity 2007;75(3):1343-8.
2006: Aran Chanlun; Ulf Emanuelson; Suneerat Aiumlamai; Camilla Björkman
Variations of Neospora caninum antibody levels in milk during lactation in dairy cows.
Veterinary parasitology 2006;141(3-4):349-55.
2006: Tiago W P Mineo; Stefan Alenius; Katarina Näslund; Hélio J Montassier; Camilla Björkman
Distribution of antibodies against Neospora caninum, BVDV and BHV-1 among cows in brazilian dairy herds with reproductive disorders.
Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinária = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Órgão Oficial do Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária 2006;15(4):188-92.
2006: Camilla Björkman; G Alvarez-Garcia; Franz J Conraths; Jens G Mattsson; Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora; Heinz Sager; Gereon Schares
Neospora caninum IgG avidity tests: an interlaboratory comparison.
Veterinary parasitology 2006;140(3-4):273-80.
2006: Karl Ståhl; Camilla Björkman; Ulf Emanuelson; H Rivera; A Zelada; Jorge Moreno-López
A prospective study of the effect of Neospora caninum and BVDV infections on bovine abortions in a dairy herd in Arequipa, Peru.
Preventive veterinary medicine 2006;75(3-4):177-88.
2006: Jenny Frössling; Ann Lindberg; Camilla Björkman
Evaluation of an iscom ELISA used for detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in bulk milk.
Preventive veterinary medicine 2006;74(2-3):120-9.
2006: C J M Bartels; J I Arnaiz-Seco; A Ruiz-Santa-Quitera; Camilla Björkman; Jenny Frössling; D von Blumröder; Franz J Conraths; Gereon Schares; C van Maanen; Willem Wouda; Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora
Supranational comparison of Neospora caninum seroprevalences in cattle in Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Sweden.
Veterinary parasitology 2006;137(1-2):17-27.
2006: Aran Chanlun; Ulf Emanuelson; Suthida Chanlun; Suneerat Aiumlamai; Camilla Björkman
Application of repeated bulk milk testing for identification of infection dynamics of Neospora caninum in Thai dairy herds.
Veterinary parasitology 2006;136(3-4):243-50.
2006: Camilla Björkman; Jens G Mattsson
Persistent infection in a dairy herd with an unusual genotype of bovine Cryptosporidium parvum.
FEMS microbiology letters 2006;254(1):71-4.
2005: Mark C Jenkins; Raymond H Fetterer; Gereon Schares; Camilla Björkman; Wendela Wapenaar; Milton M McAllister; Jitender P Dubey
HPLC purification of recombinant NcGRA6 antigen improves enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis.
Veterinary parasitology 2005;131(3-4):227-34.
2005: Jenny Frössling; Arvid Uggla; Camilla Björkman
Prevalence and transmission of Neospora caninum within infected Swedish dairy herds.
Veterinary parasitology 2005;128(3-4):209-18.
2005: Camilla Björkman; L F P Gondim; Katarina Näslund; Alexander J Trees; Milton M McAllister
IgG avidity pattern in cattle after ingestion of Neospora caninum oocysts.
Veterinary parasitology 2005;128(3-4):195-200.
2004: C van Maanen; Willem Wouda; Gereon Schares; D von Blumröder; Franz J Conraths; R Norton; D J L Williams; Irma Esteban-Redondo; Elisabeth A Innes; Jens G Mattsson; Camilla Björkman; A Fernández-García; Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora; N Müller; Heinz Sager; A Hemphill
An interlaboratory comparison of immunohistochemistry and PCR methods for detection of Neospora caninum in bovine foetal tissues.
Veterinary parasitology 2004;126(4):351-64.
2004: L F P Gondim; Milton M McAllister; RC Anderson-Sprecher; Camilla Björkman; T F Lock; Lawrence D Firkins; L Gao; W R Fischer
Transplacental transmission and abortion in cows administered Neospora caninum oocysts.
The Journal of parasitology 2004;90(6):1394-400.
2004: D von Blumröder; Gereon Schares; R Norton; D J L Williams; Irma Esteban-Redondo; Steve Wright; Camilla Björkman; Jenny Frössling; Veronica Risco-Castillo; A Fernández-García; Luis Miguel Ortega-Mora; Heinz Sager; A Hemphill; C van Maanen; Willem Wouda; Franz J Conraths
Comparison and standardisation of serological methods for the diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in bovines.
Veterinary parasitology 2004;120(1-2):11-22.
2004: Nathalie Vonlaufen; Nicole Guetg; Arunasalam Naguleswaran; Norbert Müller; Camilla Björkman; Gereon Schares; Daniela von Blumroeder; John Ellis; Andrew Hemphill
In vitro induction of Neospora caninum bradyzoites in vero cells reveals differential antigen expression, localization, and host-cell recognition of tachyzoites and bradyzoites.
Infection and immunity 2004;72(1):576-83.
2003: Jenny Frössling; Brenda N Bonnett; Ann Lindberg; Camilla Björkman
Validation of a Neospora caninum iscom ELISA without a gold standard.
Preventive veterinary medicine 2003;57(3):141-53.
2003: Heinz Sager; Marianne Gloor; Camilla Björkman; Sandra Kritzner; Bruno Gottstein
Assessment of antibody avidity in aborting cattle by a somatic Neospora caninum tachyzoite antigen IgG avidity ELISA.
Veterinary parasitology 2003;112(1-2):1-10.
2003: Camilla Björkman; C Svensson; B Christensson; K de Verdier
Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia intestinalis in calf diarrhoea in Sweden.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 2003;44(3-4):145-52.
2003: Susanne Stenlund; Hans Kindahl; Arvid Uggla; Camilla Björkman
A long-term study of Neospora caninum infection in a Swedish dairy herd.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 2003;44(1-2):63-71.
2003: Camilla Björkman; Milton M McAllister; Jenny Frössling; Katarina Näslund; Felicia Leung; Arvid Uggla
Application of the Neospora caninum IgG avidity ELISA in assessment of chronic reproductive losses after an outbreak of neosporosis in a herd of beef cattle.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 2003;15(1):3-7.
2002: Aran Chanlun; Katarina Näslund; Suneerat Aiumlamai; Camilla Björkman
Use of bulk milk for detection of Neospora caninum infection in dairy herds in Thailand.
Veterinary parasitology 2002;110(1-2):35-44.
2002: Thomas Dijkstra; Herman W Barkema; Camilla Björkman; Willem Wouda
A high rate of seroconversion for Neospora caninum in a dairy herd without an obvious increased incidence of abortions.
Veterinary parasitology 2002;109(3-4):203-11.
2002: Elisabeth A Innes; Aurélie G Andrianarivo; Camilla Björkman; Diana J L Williams; Patricia A Conrad
Immune responses to Neospora caninum and prospects for vaccination.
Trends in parasitology 2002;18(11):497-504.
2002: Nathalie Vonlaufen; Norbert Müller; Nadine Keller; Arunasalam Naguleswaran; Wolfgang Bohne; Milton M McAllister; Camilla Björkman; Eliane Müller; Reto Caldelari; Andrew Hemphill
Exogenous nitric oxide triggers Neospora caninum tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite stage conversion in murine epidermal keratinocyte cell cultures.
International journal for parasitology 2002;32(10):1253-65.
2002: Jitender P Dubey; Bradd C Barr; John R Barta; I Bjerkås; Camilla Björkman; Byron L Blagburn; D D Bowman; D Buxton; J T Ellis; Bruno Gottstein; A Hemphill; Dolores E Hill; Daniel K Howe; Mark C Jenkins; Y Kobayashi; B Koudela; Antoinette E Marsh; Jens G Mattsson; Milton M McAllister; D Modrý; Y Omata; L David Sibley; Clarence A Speer; Alexander J Trees; Arvid Uggla; Steve J Upton; D J L Williams; David S Lindsay
Redescription of Neospora caninum and its differentiation from related coccidia.
International journal for parasitology 2002;32(8):929-46.
2002: Arunasalam Naguleswaran; Angela Cannas; Nadine Keller; Nathalie Vonlaufen; Camilla Björkman; Andrew Hemphill
Vero cell surface proteoglycan interaction with the microneme protein NcMIC(3) mediates adhesion of Neospora caninum tachyzoites to host cells unlike that in Toxoplasma gondii.
International journal for parasitology 2002;32(6):695-704.
2002: Nadine Keller; Arunasalam Naguleswaran; Angela Cannas; Nathalie Vonlaufen; Marianne Bienz; Camilla Björkman; Wolfgang Bohne; Andrew Hemphill
Identification of a Neospora caninum microneme protein (NcMIC1) which interacts with sulfated host cell surface glycosaminoglycans.
Infection and immunity 2002;70(6):3187-98.
2002: Mark Jenkins; Timothy V Baszler; Camilla Björkman; Gereon Schares; Diana Williams
Diagnosis and seroepidemiology of Neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion.
International journal for parasitology 2002;32(5):631-6.
2002: Nathalie Vonlaufen; Christian Gianinazzi; Norbert Müller; Franziska Simon; Camilla Björkman; Thomas W Jungi; Stephen Leib; Andrew Hemphill
Infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central nervous tissue with Neospora caninum: an alternative approach to study host-parasite interactions.
International journal for parasitology 2002;32(5):533-42.
2001: Eva-Britt Jakubek; Caroline Bröjer; C Regnersen; Arvid Uggla; Gereon Schares; Camilla Björkman
Seroprevalences of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in Swedish red foxes (Vulpes vulpes).
Veterinary parasitology 2001;102(1-2):167-72.
2001: CS Guy; DF Kelly; JW McGarry; FM Guy; Camilla Björkman; RF Smith; Alexander J Trees
Neospora caninum in persistently infected, pregnant cows: spontaneous transplacental infection is associated with an acute increase in maternal antibody.
The Veterinary record 2001;149(15):443-9.
2001: Arunasalam Naguleswaran; Angela Cannas; Nadine Keller; Nathalie Vonlaufen; Gereon Schares; Franz J Conraths; Camilla Björkman; Andrew Hemphill
Neospora caninum microneme protein NcMIC3: secretion, subcellular localization, and functional involvement in host cell interaction.
Infection and immunity 2001;69(10):6483-94.
2000: Mark C Jenkins; J A Caver; Camilla Björkman; T C Anderson; Stéphane Romand; B Vinyard; Arvid Uggla; Philippe Thulliez; J P Dubey
Serological investigation of an outbreak of Neospora caninum-associated abortion in a dairy herd in southeastern United States.
Veterinary parasitology 2000;94(1-2):17-26.
2000: Milton M McAllister; Camilla Björkman; RC Anderson-Sprecher; D G Rogers
Evidence of point-source exposure to Neospora caninum and protective immunity in a herd of beef cows.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 2000;217(6):881-7.
2000: Camilla Björkman; Stefan Alenius; U Manuelsson; Arvid Uggla
Neospora caninum and bovine virus diarrhoea virus infections in Swedish dairy cows in relation to abortion.
Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997) 2000;159(2):201-6.
1999: Milton M McAllister; RA Wills; AM McGuire; William R Jolley; JD Tranas; E S Williams; DS Lindsay; Camilla Björkman; E L Belden
Ingestion of Neospora caninum tissue cysts by Mustela species.
International journal for parasitology 1999;29(10):1531-6.
1999: Camilla Björkman; Arvid Uggla
Serological diagnosis of Neospora caninum infection.
International journal for parasitology 1999;29(10):1497-507.
1999: Susanne Stenlund; Hans Kindahl; Ulf Magnusson; Arvid Uggla; Camilla Björkman
Serum antibody profile and reproductive performance during two consecutive pregnancies of cows naturally infected with Neospora caninum.
Veterinary parasitology 1999;85(4):227-34.
1999: A M Jensen; Camilla Björkman; A M Kjeldsen; A Wedderkopp; C Willadsen; Arvid Uggla; P Lind
Associations of Neospora caninum seropositivity with gestation number and pregnancy outcome in Danish dairy herds.
Preventive veterinary medicine 1999;40(3-4):151-63.
1999: Eskild Petersen; M Lebech; L Jensen; P Lind; M Rask; P Bagger; Camilla Björkman; Arvid Uggla
Neospora caninum infection and repeated abortions in humans.
Emerging infectious diseases 1999;5(2):278-80.
1999: Camilla Björkman; Katarina Näslund; Susanne Stenlund; Stephen W Maley; David Buxton; Arvid Uggla
An IgG avidity ELISA to discriminate between recent and chronic Neospora caninum infection.
Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc 1999;11(1):41-4.
1998: Arvid Uggla; Susanne Stenlund; OJ Holmdahl; Eva-Britt Jakubek; Per Thebo; Hans Kindahl; Camilla Björkman
Oral Neospora caninum inoculation of neonatal calves.
International journal for parasitology 1998;28(9):1467-72.
1998: LT Huong; BL Ljungström; Arvid Uggla; Camilla Björkman
Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in cattle and water buffaloes in southern Vietnam.
Veterinary parasitology 1998;75(1):53-7.
1998: Camilla Björkman; A Hemphill
Characterization of Neospora caninum iscom antigens using monoclonal antibodies.
Parasite immunology 1998;20(2):73-80.
1998: Sándor Hornok; Katarina Näslund; I Hajtós; J Tanyi; L Tekes; István Varga; Arvid Uggla; Camilla Björkman
Detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in bovine postabortion blood samples from Hungary.
Acta veterinaria Hungarica 1998;46(4):431-6.
1998: Camilla Björkman; Anna Lunden
Application of iscom antigen preparations in ELISAs for diagnosis of Neospora and Toxoplasma infections.
International journal for parasitology 1998;28(1):187-93.
1997: Jitender P Dubey; Mark C Jenkins; D S Adams; Milton M McAllister; RC Anderson-Sprecher; Timothy V Baszler; O C H Kwok; NC Lally; Camilla Björkman; Arvid Uggla
Antibody responses of cows during an outbreak of neosporosis evaluated by indirect fluorescent antibody test and different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
The Journal of parasitology 1997;83(6):1063-9.
1997: Camilla Björkman; OJ Holmdahl; Arvid Uggla
An indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) for demonstration of antibodies to Neospora caninum in serum and milk of cattle.
Veterinary parasitology 1997;68(3):251-60.
1997: J Holmdahl; Camilla Björkman; Susanne Stenlund; Arvid Uggla; J P Dubey
Bovine Neospora and Neospora caninum: One and the same.
Parasitology today (Personal ed.) 1997;13(1):40-1.
1997: Susanne Stenlund; Camilla Björkman; OJ Holmdahl; Hans Kindahl; Arvid Uggla
Characterization of a Swedish bovine isolate of Neospora caninum.
Parasitology research 1997;83(3):214-9.
1996: Camilla Björkman; O Johansson; Susanne Stenlund; O J Holmdahl; Arvid Uggla
Neospora species infection in a herd of dairy cattle.
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 1996;208(9):1441-4.
1995: O J Holmdahl; Camilla Björkman; Arvid Uggla
A case of Neospora associated bovine abortion in Sweden.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 1995;36(2):279-81.
1994: Camilla Björkman; Anna Lunden; J Holmdahl; J Barber; Alexander J Trees; Arvid Uggla
Neospora caninum in dogs: detection of antibodies by ELISA using an iscom antigen.
Parasite immunology 1994;16(12):643-8.
1994: Camilla Björkman; G Jönsson; R Wroblewski
Concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and chlorine in the muscle cells of downer cows and cows with parturient paresis.
Research in veterinary science 1994;57(1):53-7.
1993: Paul Holtenius; G Olsson; Camilla Björkman
Periparturient concentrations of insulin glucagon and ketone bodies in dairy cows fed two different levels of nutrition and varying concentrate/roughage ratios.
Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A 1993;40(2):118-27.
1992: Camilla Björkman; K Forslund; Paul Holtenius; G Olsson; H Wiktorsson
A comparative study of arterial and venous blood acetate concentration in cows fed different diets close to parturition.
Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A 1992;39(7):548-52.
1992: Camilla Björkman
A comparison of an enzymatic and a gas-chromatographic method for measuring the acetate concentration in the blood plasma of cattle.
Veterinary research communications 1992;16(6):407-10.
1989: Camilla Björkman
A comparative study on acetyl-CoA synthesising enzymes in spinal cord from cows, horses and pigs.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology 1989;93(2):201-6.
1988: Camilla Björkman; K Forslund; G Jönsson; T Olsson
Acetate blood serum levels in cows starved for 24 hours and in cows fed different levels of energy and protein before calving.
Zentralblatt für Veterinärmedizin. Reihe A 1988;35(8):567-71.
1986: Camilla Björkman; K Forslund
Volatile fatty acids in adult and young ruminants: an evaluation of a gas chromatographic method.
Journal of dairy science 1986;69(4):998-1003.
1983: K Forslund; Camilla Björkman
Cholinesterase in plasma and acetylcholinesterase in erythrocytes from cattle of different breeds and ages and fed different diets.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 1983;24(3):328-30.
1983: K Forslund; Camilla Björkman; M Abrahamsson
Cholinesterase levels in blood plasma and erythrocytes from calves, normal delivering cows and cows suffering from parturient paresis.
Acta veterinaria Scandinavica 1983;24(2):185-99.