FIND

researchers

DISCOVER

relevant articles

PROMOTE

your research

now for free

Irina Lebedeva

Research Profile

Chemicals & Drugs

Living Beings

Adenoviridae

Genes & Molecular Sequences

Genes, Tumor Suppressor

Anatomy

Procedures

Genetic Therapy

Disorders

Physiology

Co-author Network

Publications

TOP 3
Luni Emdad; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Moira Sauane; Rupesh Dash; Steven Grant; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Devanand Sarkar; Paul B Fisher
Historical perspective and recent insights into our understanding of the molecular and biochemical basis of the antitumor properties of mda-7/IL-24.
Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Nicolaq Vozhilla; Lejuan Chatman; Devanand Sarkar; Paul Dent; Mohammad Athar; Paul B Fisher
Mechanism of in vitro pancreatic cancer cell growth inhibition by melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 and perillyl alcohol.
Moira Sauane; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Irina Lebedeva; Paul Dent; Devanand Sarkar; Paul B Fisher
Autocrine regulation of mda-7/IL-24 mediates cancer-specific apoptosis.

Register for free to view:

Visualized networks:

See your personal network in
sophisticated graphical views

GeoTargeted Searches:

Locate experts around the world
and connect with global collaborators

Research Profiles:

See the research activity
of experts around the globe

Geonetwork of Irina Lebedeva (preview)

Cities where this author has publications
Cities where co-authors of this author have publications

Flash Player Required

All Publications

2009: Luni Emdad; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Moira Sauane; Rupesh Dash; Steven Grant; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Devanand Sarkar; Paul B Fisher
Historical perspective and recent insights into our understanding of the molecular and biochemical basis of the antitumor properties of mda-7/IL-24.
Cancer biology & therapy 2009;8(5):391-400.
2008: Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Nicolaq Vozhilla; Lejuan Chatman; Devanand Sarkar; Paul Dent; Mohammad Athar; Paul B Fisher
Mechanism of in vitro pancreatic cancer cell growth inhibition by melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7/interleukin-24 and perillyl alcohol.
Cancer research 2008;68(18):7439-47.
2008: Moira Sauane; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Irina Lebedeva; Paul Dent; Devanand Sarkar; Paul B Fisher
Autocrine regulation of mda-7/IL-24 mediates cancer-specific apoptosis.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008;105(28):9763-8.
2008: Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Nichollaq Vozhilla; Lejuan Chatman; Devanand Sarkar; Paul Dent; Mohammad Athar; Paul B Fisher
Chemoprevention by perillyl alcohol coupled with viral gene therapy reduces pancreatic cancer pathogenesis.
Molecular cancer therapeutics 2008;7(7):2042-50.
2008: Pankaj Gupta; Luni Emdad; Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Jeffrey Settleman; Paul B Fisher
Targeted combinatorial therapy of non-small cell lung carcinoma using a GST-fusion protein of full-length or truncated MDA-7/IL-24 with Tarceva.
Journal of cellular physiology 2008;215(3):827-36.
2008: Isaac Chan; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Devanand Sarkar; Kristoffer Valerie; Paul B Fisher
Progression elevated gene-3 promoter (PEG-Prom) confers cancer cell selectivity to human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPase(old-35))-mediated growth suppression.
Journal of cellular physiology 2008;215(2):401-9.
2008: Marc L Hyer; Ranxin Shi; Maryla Krajewska; Colin Meyer; Irina Lebedeva; Paul B Fisher; John C Reed
Apoptotic activity and mechanism of 2-cyano-3,12-dioxoolean-1,9-dien-28-oic-acid and related synthetic triterpenoids in prostate cancer.
Cancer research 2008;68(8):2927-33.
2008: Adly Yacoub; Pankaj Gupta; Margaret A Park; Mohammed Rhamani; Hossein Hamed; David Hanna; Guo Zhang; Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Luni Emdad; Constantinos Koumenis; David T Curiel; Steven Grant; Paul B Fisher; Paul Dent
Regulation of GST-MDA-7 toxicity in human glioblastoma cells by ERBB1, ERK1/2, PI3K, and JNK1-3 pathway signaling.
Molecular cancer therapeutics 2008;7(2):314-29.
2008: Adly Yacoub; Margaret A Park; Pankaj Gupta; Mohamed Rahmani; Guo Zhang; Hossein Hamed; David Hanna; Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Luni Emdad; Moira Sauane; Nicollaq Vozhilla; Sarah Spiegel; Constantinos Koumenis; Martin Graf; David T Curiel; Steven Grant; Paul B Fisher; Paul Dent
Caspase-, cathepsin-, and PERK-dependent regulation of MDA-7/IL-24-induced cell killing in primary human glioma cells.
Molecular cancer therapeutics 2008;7(2):297-313.
2007: Luni Emdad; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Devanand Sarkar; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Paul B Fisher
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 reverses multidrug resistance in human colorectal cancer cells.
Molecular cancer therapeutics 2007;6(11):2985-94.
2007: Irina Lebedeva; Luni Emdad; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Moira Sauane; Devanand Sarkar; Michelle R Staudt; Shi-Jian Liu; Mohiuddin M Taher; Ruoyu Xiao; Paola Barral; Seok-Geun Lee; Dongning Wang; Nicollaq Vozhilla; Eun Sook Park; Lejuan Chatman; Habib Boukerche; Rajagopal Ramesh; Satoshi Inoue; Sunil Chada; Rong Li; Anthony L De Pass; Parameshwar J Mahasreshti; Igor P Dmitriev; David T Curiel; Adly Yacoub; Steven Grant; Paul Dent; Neil Senzer; John J Nemunaitis; Paul B Fisher
mda-7/IL-24, novel anticancer cytokine: focus on bystander antitumor, radiosensitization and antiangiogenic properties and overview of the phase I clinical experience (Review).
International journal of oncology 2007;31(5):985-1007.
2007: Paul B Fisher; Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Luni Emdad; Pankaj Gupta; Moira Sauane; Zao-Zhong Su; Steven Grant; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Neil Senzer; John Nemunaitis
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 (mda-7/IL-24): novel gene therapeutic for metastatic melanoma.
Toxicology and applied pharmacology 2007;224(3):300-7.
2007: Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Eun Sook Park; Lejuan Chatman; Nicolaq Vozhilla; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Paul B Fisher
Eradication of therapy-resistant human prostate tumors using a cancer terminator virus.
Cancer research 2007;67(11):5434-42.
2007: Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Pankaj Gupta; Luni Emdad; Moira Sauane; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Paul B Fisher
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7)/IL-24: a 'magic bullet' for cancer therapy?
Expert opinion on biological therapy 2007;7(5):577-86.
2007: Irina Lebedeva; Ilyas Washington; Devanand Sarkar; Jennifer A Clark; Robert L Fine; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Nicholas J Turro; Paul B Fisher
Strategy for reversing resistance to a single anticancer agent in human prostate and pancreatic carcinomas.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2007;104(9):3484-9.
2007: Luni Emdad; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Devanand Sarkar; Jeffrey Settleman; Paul B Fisher
Combinatorial treatment of non-small-cell lung cancers with gefitinib and Ad.mda-7 enhances apoptosis-induction and reverses resistance to a single therapy.
Journal of cellular physiology 2007;210(2):549-59.
2007: Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Luni Emdad; A Kolomeyer; Devanand Sarkar; Shinichi Kitada; Samuel Waxman; John C Reed; Paul B Fisher
Targeting inhibition of K-ras enhances Ad.mda-7-induced growth suppression and apoptosis in mutant K-ras colorectal cancer cells.
Oncogene 2007;26(5):733-44.
2006: Moira Sauane; Pankaj Gupta; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Devanand Sarkar; Aaron Randolph; Kristoffer Valerie; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Paul B Fisher
N-glycosylation of MDA-7/IL-24 is dispensable for tumor cell-specific apoptosis and "bystander" antitumor activity.
Cancer research 2006;66(24):11869-77.
2006: L Lin; Z Su; Irina Lebedeva; Pankaj Gupta; Habib Boukerche; T Rai; Glen N Barber; Paul Dent; Devanand Sarkar; Paul B Fisher
Activation of Ras/Raf protects cells from melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5-induced apoptosis.
Cell death and differentiation 2006;13(11):1982-93.
2006: Pankaj Gupta; Zao-Zhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Moira Sauane; Luni Emdad; Michael A Bachelor; Steven Grant; David T Curiel; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
mda-7/IL-24: multifunctional cancer-specific apoptosis-inducing cytokine.
Pharmacology & therapeutics 2006;111(3):596-628.
2006: Pankaj Gupta; Mark R Walter; Zao-Zhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Luni Emdad; Aaron Randolph; Kristoffer Valerie; Devanand Sarkar; Paul B Fisher
BiP/GRP78 is an intracellular target for MDA-7/IL-24 induction of cancer-specific apoptosis.
Cancer research 2006;66(16):8182-91.
2006: Luni Emdad; Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Parameshwar J Mahasreshti; Paul Dent; David T Curiel; Paul B Fisher
Ionizing radiation enhances adenoviral vector expressing mda-7/IL-24-mediated apoptosis in human ovarian cancer.
Journal of cellular physiology 2006;208(2):298-306.
2006: Zao-Zhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Luni Emdad; Pankaj Gupta; Shinichi Kitada; Paul Dent; John C Reed; Paul B Fisher
Ionizing radiation enhances therapeutic activity of mda-7/IL-24: overcoming radiation- and mda-7/IL-24-resistance in prostate cancer cells overexpressing the antiapoptotic proteins bcl-xL or bcl-2.
Oncogene 2006;25(16):2339-48.
2006: Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Mohammad Athar; Aaron Randolph; Kristoffer Valerie; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
Molecular target-based therapy of pancreatic cancer.
Cancer research 2006;66(4):2403-13.
2005: Zhaozhong Su; Luni Emdad; Moira Sauane; Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Pankaj Gupta; C David James; Aaron Randolph; Kristoffer Valerie; Mark R Walter; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
Unique aspects of mda-7/IL-24 antitumor bystander activity: establishing a role for secretion of MDA-7/IL-24 protein by normal cells.
Oncogene 2005;24(51):7552-66.
2005: Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Devanand Sarkar; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Samuel Waxman; Adly Yacoub; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
Induction of reactive oxygen species renders mutant and wild-type K-ras pancreatic carcinoma cells susceptible to Ad.mda-7-induced apoptosis.
Oncogene 2005;24(4):585-96.
2005: Irina Lebedeva; Moira Sauane; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; John Nemunaitis; Casey Cunningham; Adly Yacoub; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
mda-7/IL-24: exploiting cancer's Achilles' heel.
Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy 2005;11(1):4-18.
2004: Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Luni Emdad; Dong-Chul Kang; Albert S Baldwin; Paul B Fisher
Human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35): a potential link between aging and inflammation.
Cancer research 2004;64(20):7473-8.
2004: Moira Sauane; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Heng-Tong Choo; Pankaj Gupta; Irina Lebedeva; Adly Yacoub; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
Mechanistic aspects of mda-7/IL-24 cancer cell selectivity analysed via a bacterial fusion protein.
Oncogene 2004;23(46):7679-90.
2004: Charles A Leath; Manjula Kataram; Pradeep Bhagavatula; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher; Alexander Pereboev; Delicia Carey; Irina Lebedeva; Hidde J Haisma; Ronald D Alvarez; David T Curiel; Parameshwar J Mahasreshti
Infectivity enhanced adenoviral-mediated mda-7/IL-24 gene therapy for ovarian carcinoma.
Gynecologic oncology 2004;94(2):352-62.
2004: Adly Yacoub; Clint Mitchell; Young Hong; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Zao-Zhong Su; Pankaj Gupta; Moria Sauane; Irina Lebedeva; David T Curiel; Parameshwar J Mahasreshti; Myrna R Rosenfeld; William C Broaddus; C David James; Steven Grant; Paul B Fisher; Paul Dent
MDA-7 regulates cell growth and radiosensitivity in vitro of primary (non-established) human glioma cells.
Cancer biology & therapy 2004;3(8):739-51.
2004: Moira Sauane; Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Heng-tong Choo; Aaron Randolph; Kristoffer Valerie; Paul Dent; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Paul B Fisher
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7/interleukin-24 promotes tumor cell-specific apoptosis through both secretory and nonsecretory pathways.
Cancer research 2004;64(9):2988-93.
2003: Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Devanand Sarkar; Shinichi Kitada; Paul Dent; Samuel Waxman; John C Reed; Paul B Fisher
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7, mda-7/interleukin-24, induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cells by promoting mitochondrial dysfunction and inducing reactive oxygen species.
Cancer research 2003;63(23):8138-44.
2003: Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Shinichi Kitada; Paul Dent; Cy A Stein; John C Reed; Paul B Fisher
Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) differentially protect human prostate cancer cells from induction of apoptosis by melanoma differentiation associated gene-7, mda-7/IL-24.
Oncogene 2003;22(54):8758-73.
2003: Adly Yacoub; Clint Mitchell; Andrea Lister; Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Carter Sigmon; Robert McKinstry; Viswanathan Ramakrishnan; Liang Qiao; William C Broaddus; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Steven Grant; Paul B Fisher; Paul Dent
Melanoma differentiation-associated 7 (interleukin 24) inhibits growth and enhances radiosensitivity of glioma cells in vitro and in vivo.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2003;9(9):3272-81.
2003: Moira Sauane; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Irina Lebedeva; Mei Xin Mei; Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Dong-Chul Kang; Paul Dent; Sidney Pestka; Paul B Fisher
Mda-7/IL-24 induces apoptosis of diverse cancer cell lines through JAK/STAT-independent pathways.
Journal of cellular physiology 2003;196(2):334-45.
2003: Devanand Sarkar; Magdalena Leszczyniecka; Dong-Chul Kang; Irina Lebedeva; Kristoffer Valerie; Sonu Dhar; Tej K Pandita; Paul B Fisher
Down-regulation of Myc as a potential target for growth arrest induced by human polynucleotide phosphorylase (hPNPaseold-35) in human melanoma cells.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2003;278(27):24542-51.
2003: Adly Yacoub; Clint Mitchell; Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Robert McKinstry; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Steven Grant; Paul B Fisher; Paul Dent
mda-7 (IL-24) Inhibits growth and enhances radiosensitivity of glioma cells in vitro via JNK signaling.
Cancer biology & therapy 2003;2(4):347-53.
2003: Adly Yacoub; Clint Mitchell; Jessica Brannon; Elizabeth Rosenberg; Liang Qiao; Robert McKinstry; W Marston Linehan; Zao-shong Su; Devanand Sarkar; Irina Lebedeva; Kristoffer Valerie; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Steven Grant; Paul B Fisher; Paul Dent
MDA-7 (interleukin-24) inhibits the proliferation of renal carcinoma cells and interacts with free radicals to promote cell death and loss of reproductive capacity.
Molecular cancer therapeutics 2003;2(7):623-32.
2003: Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Devanand Sarkar; Paul B Fisher
Restoring apoptosis as a strategy for cancer gene therapy: focus on p53 and mda-7.
Seminars in cancer biology 2003;13(2):169-78.
2003: Zao-Zhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Devanand Sarkar; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Moira Sauane; Carter Sigmon; Adly Yacoub; Kristoffer Valerie; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7, mda-7/IL-24, selectively induces growth suppression, apoptosis and radiosensitization in malignant gliomas in a p53-independent manner.
Oncogene 2003;22(8):1164-80.
2003: Moira Sauane; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Paul Dent; Sidney Pestka; Paul B Fisher
MDA-7/IL-24: novel cancer growth suppressing and apoptosis inducing cytokine.
Cytokine & growth factor reviews 2003;14(1):35-51.
2002: Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Moira Sauane; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
mda-7 (IL-24): signaling and functional roles.
BioTechniques 2002;Suppl():30-9.
2002: Devanand Sarkar; Zao-Zhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Moira Sauane; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Kristoffer Valerie; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
mda-7 (IL-24) Mediates selective apoptosis in human melanoma cells by inducing the coordinated overexpression of the GADD family of genes by means of p38 MAPK.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2002;99(15):10054-9.
2002: Irina Lebedeva; Zao-Zhong Su; Yonmee Chang; Shinichi Kitada; John C Reed; Paul B Fisher
The cancer growth suppressing gene mda-7 induces apoptosis selectively in human melanoma cells.
Oncogene 2002;21(5):708-18.
2001: E Y Huang; MT Madireddi; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; Magdalena Leszczyniecka; Zhaozhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; D Kang; Hong Jiang; JJ Lin; D Alexandre; Yinming Chen; Nicolaq Vozhilla; M X Mei; KA Christiansen; F Sivo; NI Goldstein; A B Mhashilkar; S Chada; E Huberman; Sidney Pestka; Paul B Fisher
Genomic structure, chromosomal localization and expression profile of a novel melanoma differentiation associated (mda-7) gene with cancer specific growth suppressing and apoptosis inducing properties.
Oncogene 2001;20(48):7051-63.
2001: Zhaozhong Su; Irina Lebedeva; Rahul V Gopalkrishnan; NI Goldstein; Cy A Stein; J C Reed; Paul Dent; Paul B Fisher
A combinatorial approach for selectively inducing programmed cell death in human pancreatic cancer cells.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2001;98(18):10332-7.
2001: Irina Lebedeva; Anthony J Raffo; R Rando; J Ojwang; P Cossum; Cy A Stein
Chemosensitization of bladder carcinoma cells by bcl-xL antisense oligonucleotides.
The Journal of urology 2001;166(2):461-9.
2001: Irina Lebedeva; Cy A Stein
Antisense oligonucleotides: promise and reality.
Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology 2001;41():403-19.
2000: Irina Lebedeva; S A Staĭn
[Suppression of expression of bcl-2 and bcl-xL genes using antisense oligonucleotides: a new approach to cancer therapy].
Molekuliarnaia biologiia 2000;34(6):1025-38.
2000: Irina Lebedeva; R Rando; J Ojwang; P Cossum; Cy A Stein
Bcl-xL in prostate cancer cells: effects of overexpression and down-regulation on chemosensitivity.
Cancer research 2000;60(21):6052-60.
2000: Irina Lebedeva; Luba Benimetskaya; Cy A Stein; Maria Vilenchik
Cellular delivery of antisense oligonucleotides.
European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 2000;50(1):101-19.
2000: Irina Lebedeva; Cy A Stein
Antisense oligonucleotides in cancer: recent advances.
BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy 2000;13(3):195-216.
2000: M Ma; Luba Benimetskaya; Irina Lebedeva; J Dignam; G Takle; Cy A Stein
Intracellular mRNA cleavage induced through activation of RNase P by nuclease-resistant external guide sequences.
Nature biotechnology 2000;18(1):58-61.
1998: Luba Benimetskaya; G B Takle; Maria Vilenchik; Irina Lebedeva; Paul S Miller; Cy A Stein
Cationic porphyrins: novel delivery vehicles for antisense oligodeoxynucleotides.
Nucleic acids research 1998;26(23):5310-7.
1994: M G Ivanovskaia; I A Kozlov; Irina Lebedeva; ZA Shabarova
[A new method of covalent immobilization of oligodeoxyribonucleotides on nylon membranes for hybridization with nucleic acids].
Molekuliarnaia biologiia 1994;28(5):1176-82.
1994: Irina Lebedeva; M G Ivanovskaia; A N Fedorov; SA Limborskaia; ZA Shabarova
[A new method of nonradioactive labelling of oligonucleotides and their use as allele-specific probes for detecting mutations causing beta-thalassemia].
Molekuliarnaia biologiia 1994;28(4):796-804.
1993: Irina Lebedeva; M G Ivanovskaia; T I Gurinovich; M B Gottykh; Ia A Meldraĭs; ZA Shabarova
[Design of a universal biotin-containing oligonucleotide diagnostic kit for detecting viroid plant diseases].
Bioorganicheskaia khimiia 1993;19(9):894-904.
1992: Ia Meldraĭs; Irina Lebedeva; A Ia Druka; M G Ivanovskaia; ZA Shabarova; T I Gurinovich; K A Birznieks; V G Keks; A A Zeĭdaka
[Determination of potato spindle tumor viroid and chrysanthenum stund viroid using biotinylated olideoxyribonucleotides].
Molekuliarnaia biologiia 1992;26(3):540-5.
1990: A N Fedorov; E M Rasulov; T S Oretskaia; Irina Lebedeva; M G Ivanovskaia; ZA Shabarova; SA Limborskaia
[Testing of G----A mutation in position 110 of a minor intron of beta-globin genes in patients with thalassemia in Azerbaijan].
Molekuliarnaia genetika, mikrobiologiia i virusologiia 1990;(1):18-22.