FIND

researchers

DISCOVER

relevant articles

PROMOTE

your research

now for free

Cem Akin

Research Profile

Disorders

Chemicals & Drugs

Anatomy

Physiology

Concepts & Ideas

Procedures

Immunophenotyping

Co-author Network

Publications

TOP 3
Peter Valent; Rudolf Valenta; Boguslaw Nedoszytko; Alberto Orfao; Lawrence B Schwartz; Karl Sotlar; Wolfgang R Sperr; Massimo Triggiani; Cem Akin; Michel AROCK; Knut Brockow; Joseph H Butterfield; Melody C Carter; Mariana Castells; Luis Escribano; Karin Hartmann; Hans-Peter Horny; Philip Lieberman; Dean D Metcalfe
Definitions, criteria and global classification of mast cell disorders with special reference to mast cell activation syndromes: a consensus proposal.
celalettin ustun; David L DeRemer; Cem Akin
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of systemic mastocytosis.
Matthew J Hamilton; Jason L Hornick; Cem Akin; Mariana C Castells; Norton J Greenberger
Mast cell activation syndrome: a newly recognized disorder with systemic clinical manifestations.

Register for free to view:

Visualized networks:

See your personal network in
sophisticated graphical views

GeoTargeted Searches:

Locate experts around the world
and connect with global collaborators

Research Profiles:

See the research activity
of experts around the globe

Geonetwork of Cem Akin (preview)

Cities where this author has publications
Cities where co-authors of this author have publications

Flash Player Required

All Publications

2012: Peter Valent; Rudolf Valenta; Boguslaw Nedoszytko; Alberto Orfao; Lawrence B Schwartz; Karl Sotlar; Wolfgang R Sperr; Massimo Triggiani; Cem Akin; Michel AROCK; Knut Brockow; Joseph H Butterfield; Melody C Carter; Mariana Castells; Luis Escribano; Karin Hartmann; Hans-Peter Horny; Philip Lieberman; Dean D Metcalfe
Definitions, criteria and global classification of mast cell disorders with special reference to mast cell activation syndromes: a consensus proposal.
International archives of allergy and immunology 2012;157(3):215-25.
2011: celalettin ustun; David L DeRemer; Cem Akin
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the treatment of systemic mastocytosis.
Leukemia research 2011;35(9):1143-52.
2011: Matthew J Hamilton; Jason L Hornick; Cem Akin; Mariana C Castells; Norton J Greenberger
Mast cell activation syndrome: a newly recognized disorder with systemic clinical manifestations.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2011;128(1):147-152.e2.
2010: Peter Valent; Wolfgang R Sperr; Cem Akin
How I treat patients with advanced systemic mastocytosis.
Blood 2010;116(26):5812-7.
2010: Cem Akin; Peter Valent; Dean D Metcalfe
Mast cell activation syndrome: Proposed diagnostic criteria.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2010;126(6):1099-104.e4.
2010: Peter Valent; Michel AROCK; Cem Akin; Wolfgang R Sperr; Andreas Reiter; Karl Sotlar; Karin Hartmann; Tracy I George; Knut Brockow; Hanneke C Kluin-Nelemans; Jason Gotlib; Dean D Metcalfe; Hans-Peter Horny
The classification of systemic mastocytosis should include mast cell leukemia (MCL) and systemic mastocytosis with a clonal hematologic non-mast cell lineage disease (SM-AHNMD).
Blood 2010;116(5):850-1.
2010: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Wolfgang R Sperr; Hans-Peter Horny; Dean D Metcalfe
Refinements in response criteria in systemic mastocytosis: reply to a proposal.
European journal of haematology 2010;85(1):88-9; author reply 90.
2010: Cem Akin
Anaphylaxis and mast cell disease: what is the risk?
Current allergy and asthma reports 2010;10(1):34-8.
2010: Michael R Simon; Mindy Jan; Jerry Yee; Uday S Nori; Jiang Hu; Cem Akin; Lawrence B Schwartz
Tryptase is not cleared by the kidneys into the urine.
International archives of allergy and immunology 2010;152(1):28-31.
2009: Hanneke C Kluin-Nelemans; Veronika Ferenc; Jaap J van Doormaal; Charlotte van Iperen; Willem G Peters; Cem Akin; Peter Valent
Lenalidomide therapy in systemic mastocytosis.
Leukemia research 2009;33(3):e19-22.
2009: Cem Akin
Recent advances in mast cell clonality and anaphylaxis.
F1000 medicine reports 2009;1():.
2008: Ozden Ozer; Yi D Zhao; Kelly R Ostler; Cem Akin; John Anastasi; James W Vardiman; Lucy A Godley
The identification and characterisation of novel KIT transcripts in aggressive mast cell malignancies and normal CD34+ cells.
Leukemia & lymphoma 2008;49(8):1567-77.
2008: Bettina M Jensen; Cem Akin; A M Gilfillan
Pharmacological targeting of the KIT growth factor receptor: a therapeutic consideration for mast cell disorders.
British journal of pharmacology 2008;154(8):1572-82.
2008: Srdan Verstovsek; Ayalew Tefferi; Jorge Cortes; Susan O'Brien; Guillermo Garcia-Manero; Animesh Pardanani; Cem Akin; Stefan Faderl; Taghi Manshouri; Deborah Thomas; Andrew Lamb
Phase II study of dasatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute and chronic myeloid diseases, including systemic mastocytosis.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research 2008;14(12):3906-15.
2008: Idoya Lahortiga; Cem Akin; Jan Cools; Todd M Wilson; Nicole Mentens; Diane C Arthur; Irina Maric; Pierre Noel; Can Kocabas; Peter Marynen; Lawrence S Lessin; Iwona Wlodarska; Jamie Robyn; Dean D Metcalfe
Activity of imatinib in systemic mastocytosis with chronic basophilic leukemia and a PRKG2-PDGFRB fusion.
Haematologica 2008;93(1):49-56.
2007: Matthew Greenhawt; Cem Akin
Mastocytosis and allergy.
Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology 2007;7(5):387-92.
2007: Cem Akin; Linda M Scott; Can N Kocabas; Nataliya M Kushnir-Sukhov; Erica Brittain; Pierre Noel; Dean D Metcalfe
Demonstration of an aberrant mast-cell population with clonal markers in a subset of patients with "idiopathic" anaphylaxis.
Blood 2007;110(7):2331-3.
2007: Irina Maric; Jamie Robyn; Dean D Metcalfe; Michael P Fay; Melody Carter; Todd Wilson; Weiming Fu; Jennifer Stoddard; Linda Scott; Marilyn Hartsell; ARNOLD KIRSHENBAUM; Cem Akin; Thomas B Nutman; Pierre Noel; Amy D Klion
KIT D816V-associated systemic mastocytosis with eosinophilia and FIP1L1/PDGFRA-associated chronic eosinophilic leukemia are distinct entities.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2007;120(3):680-7.
2007: Susan I Hungness; Cem Akin
Mastocytosis: advances in diagnosis and treatment.
Current allergy and asthma reports 2007;7(4):248-54.
2007: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Luis Escribano; Manuela Födinger; K Hartmann; Knut Brockow; Mariana Castells; Wolfgang R Sperr; Hanneke C Kluin-Nelemans; Neveen Agnes Therese Hamdy; O Lortholary; Jamie Robyn; Jasper J van Doormaal; Karl Sotlar; Alexander W Hauswirth; Michel AROCK; O Hermine; A Hellmann; M Triggiani; M Niedoszytko; Lawrence B Schwartz; Alberto Orfao; Hans-Peter Horny; Dean D Metcalfe
Standards and standardization in mastocytosis: consensus statements on diagnostics, treatment recommendations and response criteria.
European journal of clinical investigation 2007;37(6):435-53.
2007: Cem Akin; Darya Soto; Erica Brittain; Adhuna Chhabra Mathuria; Lawrence B Schwartz; George H Caughey; Dean D Metcalfe
Tryptase haplotype in mastocytosis: relationship to disease variant and diagnostic utility of total tryptase levels.
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 2007;123(3):268-71.
2007: P Valent; Cem Akin; D D Metcalfe
FIP1L1/PDGFRA is a molecular marker of chronic eosinophilic leukaemia but not for systemic mastocytosis.
European journal of clinical investigation 2007;37(2):153-4.
2007: Jingxuan Pan; Alfonso Quintás-Cardama; Hagop M Kantarjian; Cem Akin; Taghi Manshouri; Peter Lamb; Jorge E Cortes; Ayalew Tefferi; Francis Giles; Srdan Verstovsek
EXEL-0862, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, induces apoptosis in vitro and ex vivo in human mast cells expressing the KIT D816V mutation.
Blood 2007;109(1):315-22.
2006: Srdan Verstovsek; Cem Akin; Taghi Manshouri; Alfonso Quintás-Cardama; Ly Huynh; Paul Manley; Ayalew Tefferi; Jorge Cortes; Francis Giles; Andrew Lamb
Effects of AMN107, a novel aminopyrimidine tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on human mast cells bearing wild-type or mutated codon 816 c-kit.
Leukemia research 2006;30(11):1365-70.
2006: Cem Akin
Molecular diagnosis of mast cell disorders: a paper from the 2005 William Beaumont Hospital Symposium on Molecular Pathology.
The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD 2006;8(4):412-9.
2006: Cem Akin; Peter Valent; Luis Escribano
Urticaria pigmentosa and mastocytosis: the role of immunophenotyping in diagnosis and determining response to treatment.
Current allergy and asthma reports 2006;6(4):282-8.
2006: Neil P Shah; Francis Y Lee; Roger Luo; Yibin Jiang; Marjolein Donker; Cem Akin
Dasatinib (BMS-354825) inhibits KITD816V, an imatinib-resistant activating mutation that triggers neoplastic growth in most patients with systemic mastocytosis.
Blood 2006;108(1):286-91.
2006: Ryotaro Nakamura; S Chakrabarti; Cem Akin; Jamie Robyn; Erkut Bahceci; Adeira Greene; Richard Childs; Cynthia E Dunbar; Dean D Metcalfe; A John Barrett
A pilot study of nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant for advanced systemic mastocytosis.
Bone marrow transplantation 2006;37(4):353-8.
2006: A Pardanani; Cem Akin; P Valent
Pathogenesis, clinical features, and treatment advances in mastocytosis.
Best practice & research. Clinical haematology 2006;19(3):595-615.
2006: Luis Escribano; Cem Akin; Mariana Castells; Lawrence B Schwartz
Current options in the treatment of mast cell mediator-related symptoms in mastocytosis.
Inflammation & allergy drug targets 2006;5(1):61-77.
2006: Nataliya M Kushnir-Sukhov; Erica Brittain; James C Reynolds; Cem Akin; Dean D Metcalfe
Elevated tryptase levels are associated with greater bone density in a cohort of patients with mastocytosis.
International archives of allergy and immunology 2006;139(3):265-70.
2005: Can N Kocabas; Akif S Yavuz; Peter E Lipsky; Dean D Metcalfe; Cem Akin
Analysis of the lineage relationship between mast cells and basophils using the c-kit D816V mutation as a biologic signature.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2005;115(6):1155-61.
2005: Knut Brockow; Cem Akin; Mary Huber; Dean D Metcalfe
IL-6 levels predict disease variant and extent of organ involvement in patients with mastocytosis.
Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) 2005;115(2):216-23.
2005: ARNOLD KIRSHENBAUM; Cem Akin; Julie P Goff; Dean D Metcalfe
Thrombopoietin alone or in the presence of stem cell factor supports the growth of KIT(CD117)low/ MPL(CD110)+ human mast cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Experimental hematology 2005;33(4):413-21.
2005: Cem Akin
Clonality and molecular pathogenesis of mastocytosis.
Acta haematologica 2005;114(1):61-9.
2005: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Wolfgang R Sperr; Matthias Mayerhofer; Manuela Födinger; Robert Fritsche-Polanz; Karl Sotlar; Luis Escribano; Michel AROCK; Hans-Peter Horny; Dean D Metcalfe
Mastocytosis: pathology, genetics, and current options for therapy.
Leukemia & lymphoma 2005;46(1):35-48.
2004: Marcia L Taylor; Devinder Sehgal; Mark Raffeld; Harold Obiakor; Cem Akin; Rose G Mage; Dean D Metcalfe
Demonstration that mast cells, T cells, and B cells bearing the activating kit mutation D816V occur in clusters within the marrow of patients with mastocytosis.
The Journal of molecular diagnostics : JMD 2004;6(4):335-42.
2004: Peter Valent; Minoo Ghannadan; Cem Akin; Maria-Theresa Krauth; Edgar Selzer; Matthias Mayerhofer; Wolfgang R Sperr; Michel AROCK; Puchit Samorapoompichit; Hans-Peter Horny; Dean D Metcalfe
On the way to targeted therapy of mast cell neoplasms: identification of molecular targets in neoplastic mast cells and evaluation of arising treatment concepts.
European journal of clinical investigation 2004;34 Suppl 2():41-52.
2004: Cem Akin; Dean D Metcalfe
The biology of Kit in disease and the application of pharmacogenetics.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2004;114(1):13-9; quiz 20.
2004: Cem Akin; Gerard Fumo; Akif S Yavuz; Peter E Lipsky; Len Neckers; Dean D Metcalfe
A novel form of mastocytosis associated with a transmembrane c-kit mutation and response to imatinib.
Blood 2004;103(8):3222-5.
2004: Gerard Fumo; Cem Akin; Dean D Metcalfe; Len Neckers
17-Allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) is effective in down-regulating mutated, constitutively activated KIT protein in human mast cells.
Blood 2004;103(3):1078-84.
2004: Amy D Klion; Jamie Robyn; Cem Akin; Pierre Noel; Margaret Brown; Melissa Law; Dean D Metcalfe; Cynthia Dunbar; Thomas B Nutman
Molecular remission and reversal of myelofibrosis in response to imatinib mesylate treatment in patients with the myeloproliferative variant of hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Blood 2004;103(2):473-8.
2004: Cem Akin; Dean D Metcalfe
Systemic mastocytosis.
Annual review of medicine 2004;55():419-32.
2003: Claudio D'ambrosio; Cem Akin; Yalin Wu; Magnus K Magnusson; Dean D Metcalfe
Gene expression analysis in mastocytosis reveals a highly consistent profile with candidate molecular markers.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2003;112(6):1162-70.
2003: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Wolfgang R Sperr; Hans-Peter Horny; Dean D Metcalfe
Mast cell proliferative disorders: current view on variants recognized by the World Health Organization.
Hematology/oncology clinics of North America 2003;17(5):1227-41.
2003: Cem Akin
Multilineage hematopoietic involvement in systemic mastocytosis.
Leukemia research 2003;27(10):877-8.
2003: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Wolfgang R Sperr; Hans-Peter Horny; Michel AROCK; Klaus Lechner; John M Bennett; Dean D Metcalfe
Diagnosis and treatment of systemic mastocytosis: state of the art.
British journal of haematology 2003;122(5):695-717.
2003: Cem Akin; Knut Brockow; Claudio D'Ambrosio; ARNOLD KIRSHENBAUM; Yongsheng Ma; B Jack Longley; Dean D Metcalfe
Effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 on human mast cells bearing wild-type or mutated c-kit.
Experimental hematology 2003;31(8):686-92.
2003: ARNOLD KIRSHENBAUM; Cem Akin; Yalin Wu; Menachem Rottem; Julie P Goff; Michael A Beaven; V Koneti Rao; Dean D Metcalfe
Characterization of novel stem cell factor responsive human mast cell lines LAD 1 and 2 established from a patient with mast cell sarcoma/leukemia; activation following aggregation of FcepsilonRI or FcgammaRI.
Leukemia research 2003;27(8):677-82.
2003: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Wolfgang R Sperr; Luis Escribano; Michel AROCK; Hans-Peter Horny; John M Bennett; Dean D Metcalfe
Aggressive systemic mastocytosis and related mast cell disorders: current treatment options and proposed response criteria.
Leukemia research 2003;27(7):635-41.
2003: Amy D Klion; Pierre Noel; Cem Akin; Melissa A Law; D Gary Gilliland; Jan Cools; Dean D Metcalfe; Thomas B Nutman
Elevated serum tryptase levels identify a subset of patients with a myeloproliferative variant of idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome associated with tissue fibrosis, poor prognosis, and imatinib responsiveness.
Blood 2003;101(12):4660-6.
2003: Knut Brockow; Cem Akin; Mary Huber; Dean D Metcalfe
Assessment of the extent of cutaneous involvement in children and adults with mastocytosis: relationship to symptomatology, tryptase levels, and bone marrow pathology.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2003;48(4):508-16.
2002: Luis Escribano; Cem Akin; Mariana Castells; Alberto Orfao; Dean D Metcalfe
Mastocytosis: current concepts in diagnosis and treatment.
Annals of hematology 2002;81(12):677-90.
2002: Cem Akin; Elaine S Jaffe; Mark Raffeld; ARNOLD KIRSHENBAUM; Trisha Daley; Pierre Noel; Dean D Metcalfe
An immunohistochemical study of the bone marrow lesions of systemic mastocytosis: expression of stem cell factor by lesional mast cells.
American journal of clinical pathology 2002;118(2):242-7.
2002: Akif S Yavuz; Peter E Lipsky; Sule Yavuz; Dean D Metcalfe; Cem Akin
Evidence for the involvement of a hematopoietic progenitor cell in systemic mastocytosis from single-cell analysis of mutations in the c-kit gene.
Blood 2002;100(2):661-5.
2002: Knut Brockow; Linda M Scott; Alexandra S Worobec; ARNOLD KIRSHENBAUM; Cem Akin; Mary M Huber; Dean D Metcalfe
Regression of urticaria pigmentosa in adult patients with systemic mastocytosis: correlation with clinical patterns of disease.
Archives of dermatology 2002;138(6):785-90.
2002: Joanne K Simpson; Knut Brockow; Maria L Turner; Cem Akin; Dean D Metcalfe
Generalized erythematous macules and plaques associated with flushing, repeated syncope, and refractory anemia.
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2002;46(4):588-90.
2002: Yongsheng Ma; Shan Zeng; Dean D Metcalfe; Cem Akin; Sasa Dimitrijevic; Joseph H Butterfield; Gerald McMahon; B Jack Longley
The c-KIT mutation causing human mastocytosis is resistant to STI571 and other KIT kinase inhibitors; kinases with enzymatic site mutations show different inhibitor sensitivity profiles than wild-type kinases and those with regulatory-type mutations.
Blood 2002;99(5):1741-4.
2002: Peter Valent; Cem Akin; Wolfgang R Sperr; Hans-Peter Horny; Dean D Metcalfe
Smouldering mastocytosis: a novel subtype of systemic mastocytosis with slow progression.
International archives of allergy and immunology 2002;127(2):137-9.
2002: Cem Akin; Dean D Metcalfe
Surrogate markers of disease in mastocytosis.
International archives of allergy and immunology 2002;127(2):133-6.
2002: Knut Brockow; Cem Akin; Mary Huber; Linda M Scott; Lawrence B Schwartz; Dean D Metcalfe
Levels of mast-cell growth factors in plasma and in suction skin blister fluid in adults with mastocytosis: correlation with dermal mast-cell numbers and mast-cell tryptase.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 2002;109(1):82-8.
2001: H F Fine; Cem Akin; P Hematti; John A Butman; Rafael C Caruso; Karl G Csaky; D D Metcalfe; Robert B Nussenblatt; Michael R Robinson
Presumed choroidal and orbital mastocytosis.
Archives of ophthalmology 2001;119(11):1716-9.
2001: Marcia L Taylor; J Dastych; Devinder Sehgal; M Sundstrom; G Nilsson; Cem Akin; Rose G Mage; Dean D Metcalfe
The Kit-activating mutation D816V enhances stem cell factor--dependent chemotaxis.
Blood 2001;98(4):1195-9.
2001: T Daley; Dean D Metcalfe; Cem Akin
Association of the Q576R polymorphism in the interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain with indolent mastocytosis limited to the skin.
Blood 2001;98(3):880-2.
2001: Cem Akin; Linda M Scott; Dean D Metcalfe
Slowly progressive systemic mastocytosis with high mast-cell burden and no evidence of a non-mast-cell hematologic disorder: an example of a smoldering case?
Leukemia research 2001;25(7):635-8.
2001: Peter Valent; Hans-Peter Horny; Luis Escribano; B Jack Longley; C Y Li; Lawrence B Schwartz; G Marone; R Nuñez; Cem Akin; Karl Sotlar; Wolfgang R Sperr; Klaus Wolff; Richard D Brunning; Reza Parwaresch; K F Austen; K Lennert; Dean D Metcalfe; James W Vardiman; John M Bennett
Diagnostic criteria and classification of mastocytosis: a consensus proposal.
Leukemia research 2001;25(7):603-25.
2001: Dean D Metcalfe; Cem Akin
Mastocytosis: molecular mechanisms and clinical disease heterogeneity.
Leukemia research 2001;25(7):577-82.
2001: Yoseph A Mekori; A M Gilfillan; Cem Akin; K Hartmann; D D Metcalfe
Human mast cell apoptosis is regulated through Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.
Journal of clinical immunology 2001;21(3):171-4.
2000: Cem Akin; Lawrence B Schwartz; T Kitoh; H Obayashi; Alexandra S Worobec; Linda M Scott; Dean D Metcalfe
Soluble stem cell factor receptor (CD117) and IL-2 receptor alpha chain (CD25) levels in the plasma of patients with mastocytosis: relationships to disease severity and bone marrow pathology.
Blood 2000;96(4):1267-73.
2000: Alexandra S Worobec; Cem Akin; Linda M Scott; Dean D Metcalfe
Mastocytosis complicating pregnancy.
Obstetrics and gynecology 2000;95(3):391-5.
2000: Cem Akin; ARNOLD KIRSHENBAUM; T Semere; Alexandra S Worobec; Linda M Scott; Dean D Metcalfe
Analysis of the surface expression of c-kit and occurrence of the c-kit Asp816Val activating mutation in T cells, B cells, and myelomonocytic cells in patients with mastocytosis.
Experimental hematology 2000;28(2):140-7.
1998: Alexandra S Worobec; Cem Akin; Linda M Scott; Dean D Metcalfe
Cytogenetic abnormalities and their lack of relationship to the Asp816Val c-kit mutation in the pathogenesis of mastocytosis.
The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology 1998;102(3):523-4.
1997: Cem Akin; P Hansen; Anthony J Janckila
Prolymphocytic leukemia: diagnosis and treatment. A case report.
The Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association 1997;95(11):465-7.
1996: Cem Akin; Gerald Sonnenfeld
Stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) production and its role as an autocrine inducer of CD14 upregulation in human myeloid leukemia cells.
Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research 1996;16(6):479-86.
1994: ES Miller; J C Klinger; Cem Akin; D A Koebel; Gerald Sonnenfeld
Inhibition of murine splenic T lymphocyte proliferation by 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced metabolic stress.
Journal of neuroimmunology 1994;52(2):165-73.
1993: Cem Akin; Gerald Sonnenfeld
Modulation of transferrin receptor expression by insulin and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor in AML-193 leukemic cells.
Cancer letters 1993;69(1):51-7.
1988: Guner Kaya; Cem Akin; T Altuğ; S Devrim
The antitumor effect of bleomycin combined with bestatin against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in mice.
Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.) 1988;187(3):292-5.