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Philip Cryer

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All Publications

2012: Philip E Cryer
Minireview: Glucagon in the pathogenesis of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia in diabetes.
Endocrinology 2012;153(3):1039-48.
2011: Philip E Cryer
Death during intensive glycemic therapy of diabetes: mechanisms and implications.
The American journal of medicine 2011;124(11):993-6.
2010: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America 2010;39(3):641-54.
2009: Philip E Cryer
Exercise-related hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes.
Diabetes 2009;58(9):1951-2.
2009: Philip E Cryer
Preventing hypoglycaemia: what is the appropriate glucose alert value?
Diabetologia 2009;52(1):35-7.
2008: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia: still the limiting factor in the glycemic management of diabetes.
Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists 2008;14(6):750-6.
2008: Philip E Cryer
Glucagon and hyperglycaemia in diabetes.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 2008;114(9):589-90.
2008: Ana Maria Arbelaez; William Powers; Tom O Videen; Joseph L Price; Philip E Cryer
Attenuation of counterregulatory responses to recurrent hypoglycemia by active thalamic inhibition: a mechanism for hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure.
Diabetes 2008;57(2):470-5.
2007: Suzanne M Breckenridge; Bharathi Raju; Ana Maria Arbelaez; Bruce W Patterson; Benjamin A Cooperberg; Philip E Cryer
Basal insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone replacement.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2007;293(5):E1303-10.
2007: Suzanne M Breckenridge; Benjamin A Cooperberg; Ana Maria Arbelaez; Bruce W Patterson; Philip E Cryer
Glucagon, in concert with insulin, supports the postabsorptive plasma glucose concentration in humans.
Diabetes 2007;56(10):2442-8.
2007: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia, functional brain failure, and brain death.
The Journal of clinical investigation 2007;117(4):868-70.
2006: Philip E Cryer
Mechanisms of sympathoadrenal failure and hypoglycemia in diabetes.
The Journal of clinical investigation 2006;116(6):1470-3.
2006: Bharathi Raju; Ana Maria Arbelaez; Suzanne M Breckenridge; Philip E Cryer
Nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes: an assessment of preventive bedtime treatments.
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism 2006;91(6):2087-92.
2006: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia in diabetes: pathophysiological mechanisms and diurnal variation.
Progress in brain research 2006;153():361-5.
2005: Philip E Cryer
Mechanisms of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure and its component syndromes in diabetes.
Diabetes 2005;54(12):3592-601.
2005: Bharathi Raju; Philip E Cryer
Maintenance of the postabsorptive plasma glucose concentration: insulin or insulin plus glucagon?
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2005;289(2):E181-6.
2005: Bharathi Raju; Philip E Cryer
Loss of the decrement in intraislet insulin plausibly explains loss of the glucagon response to hypoglycemia in insulin-deficient diabetes: documentation of the intraislet insulin hypothesis in humans.
Diabetes 2005;54(3):757-64.
2005: Bharathi Raju; Philip E Cryer
Mechanism, temporal patterns, and magnitudes of the metabolic responses to the KATP channel agonist diazoxide.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2005;288(1):E80-5.
2004: Salomon Banarer; Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.
The Medical clinics of North America 2004;88(4):1107-16, xii-xiii.
2004: Philip E Cryer
Diverse causes of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes.
The New England journal of medicine 2004;350(22):2272-9.
2004: Denise Teves; Tom O Videen; Philip E Cryer; William Powers
Activation of human medial prefrontal cortex during autonomic responses to hypoglycemia.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004;101(16):6217-21.
2003: Bharathi Raju; Veronica P McGregor; Philip E Cryer
Cortisol elevations comparable to those that occur during hypoglycemia do not cause hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure.
Diabetes 2003;52(8):2083-9.
2003: Philip E Cryer; Stephen N Davis; Harry Shamoon
Hypoglycemia in diabetes.
Diabetes care 2003;26(6):1902-12.
2003: Salomon Banarer; Philip E Cryer
Sleep-related hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in type 1 diabetes: reduced awakening from sleep during hypoglycemia.
Diabetes 2003;52(5):1195-203.
2002: Veronica P McGregor; Jeffrey S Greiwe; Salomon Banarer; Philip E Cryer
Limited impact of vigorous exercise on defenses against hypoglycemia: relevance to hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure.
Diabetes 2002;51(5):1485-92.
2002: Salomon Banarer; Veronica P McGregor; Philip E Cryer
Intraislet hyperinsulinemia prevents the glucagon response to hypoglycemia despite an intact autonomic response.
Diabetes 2002;51(4):958-65.
2002: Veronica P McGregor; Salomon Banarer; Philip E Cryer
Elevated endogenous cortisol reduces autonomic neuroendocrine and symptom responses to subsequent hypoglycemia.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2002;282(4):E770-7.
2002: Scott A Segel; Deanna S Paramore; Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in advanced type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes 2002;51(3):724-33.
2001: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in diabetes.
American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism 2001;281(6):E1115-21.
2001: S A Segel; CG Fanelli; Carmen S Dence; Joanne Markham; Tom O Videen; Deanna S Paramore; William Powers; Philip E Cryer
Blood-to-brain glucose transport, cerebral glucose metabolism, and cerebral blood flow are not increased after hypoglycemia.
Diabetes 2001;50(8):1911-7.
1999: K E Yarasheski; P Tebas; C Sigmund; Samuel Dagogo-Jack; A Bohrer; J Turk; P A Halban; Philip E Cryer; W G Powderly
Insulin resistance in HIV protease inhibitor-associated diabetes.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 1999;21(3):209-16.
1999: Deanna S Paramore; CG Fanelli; SD Shah; Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia per se stimulates sympathetic neural as well as adrenomedullary activity, but, unlike the adrenomedullary response, the forearm sympathetic neural response is not reduced after recent hypoglycemia.
Diabetes 1999;48(7):1429-36.
1999: Samuel Dagogo-Jack; CG Fanelli; Philip E Cryer
Durable reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness in type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes care 1999;22(5):866-7.
1999: Jeffrey F Horowitz; Simon W Coppack; Deanna S Paramore; Philip E Cryer; G Zhao; Samuel Klein
Effect of short-term fasting on lipid kinetics in lean and obese women.
The American journal of physiology 1999;276(2 Pt 1):E278-84.
1999: Jeffrey S Greiwe; Robert C Hickner; SD Shah; Philip E Cryer; John O Holloszy
Norepinephrine response to exercise at the same relative intensity before and after endurance exercise training.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1999;86(2):531-5.
1998: CG Fanelli; Deanna S Paramore; Tamara Hershey; C Terkamp; F Ovalle; Suzanne Craft; Philip E Cryer
Impact of nocturnal hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction in type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes 1998;47(12):1920-7.
1998: Deanna S Paramore; CG Fanelli; SD Shah; Philip E Cryer
Forearm norepinephrine spillover during standing, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoglycemia.
The American journal of physiology 1998;275(5 Pt 1):E872-81.
1998: Simon W Coppack; Jeffrey F Horowitz; Deanna S Paramore; Philip E Cryer; H D Royal; Samuel Klein
Whole body, adipose tissue, and forearm norepinephrine kinetics in lean and obese women.
The American journal of physiology 1998;275(5 Pt 1):E830-4.
1998: J C Marker; W E Clutter; Philip E Cryer
Reduced epinephrine clearance and glycemic sensitivity to epinephrine in older individuals.
The American journal of physiology 1998;275(5 Pt 1):E770-6.
1998: F Ovalle; CG Fanelli; Deanna S Paramore; Tamara Hershey; Suzanne Craft; Philip E Cryer
Brief twice-weekly episodes of hypoglycemia reduce detection of clinical hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes 1998;47(9):1472-9.
1998: CG Fanelli; Carmen S Dence; Joanne Markham; Tom O Videen; Deanna S Paramore; Philip E Cryer; William Powers
Blood-to-brain glucose transport and cerebral glucose metabolism are not reduced in poorly controlled type 1 diabetes.
Diabetes 1998;47(9):1444-50.
1998: Philip E Cryer
Managing diabetes: lessons from Type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association 1998;15 Suppl 4():S8-12.
1998: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) 1998;42():620-2.
1997: T Y Saleh; Philip E Cryer
Alanine and terbutaline in the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia in IDDM.
Diabetes care 1997;20(8):1231-6.
1996: A Hvidberg; CG Fanelli; Tamara Hershey; C Terkamp; Suzanne Craft; Philip E Cryer
Impact of recent antecedent hypoglycemia on hypoglycemic cognitive dysfunction in nondiabetic humans.
Diabetes 1996;45(8):1030-6.
1995: A Hvidberg; Philip E Cryer
Muscarinic cholinergic antagonism does not enhance recovery from hypoglycemia in IDDM.
Diabetes care 1995;18(3):404-7.
1994: Samuel Dagogo-Jack; C Rattarasarn; Philip E Cryer
Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM.
Diabetes 1994;43(12):1426-34.
1994: Philip E Cryer
Banting Lecture. Hypoglycemia: the limiting factor in the management of IDDM.
Diabetes 1994;43(11):1378-89.
1994: J C Marker; Philip E Cryer; W E Clutter
Simplified measurement of norepinephrine kinetics: application to studies of aging and exercise training.
The American journal of physiology 1994;267(3 Pt 1):E380-7.
1994: C Rattarasarn; Samuel Dagogo-Jack; J J Zachwieja; Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia-induced autonomic failure in IDDM is specific for stimulus of hypoglycemia and is not attributable to prior autonomic activation.
Diabetes 1994;43(6):809-18.
1993: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia unawareness in IDDM.
Diabetes care 1993;16 Suppl 3():40-7.
1993: Dwight A Towler; C E Havlin; Suzanne Craft; Philip E Cryer
Mechanism of awareness of hypoglycemia. Perception of neurogenic (predominantly cholinergic) rather than neuroglycopenic symptoms.
Diabetes 1993;42(12):1791-8.
1993: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia begets hypoglycemia in IDDM.
Diabetes 1993;42(12):1691-3.
1993: Wendy M Kohrt; Robert J Spina; Ali A Ehsani; Philip E Cryer; John O Holloszy
Effects of age, adiposity, and fitness level on plasma catecholamine responses to standing and exercise.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1993;75(4):1828-35.
1993: William Powers; P J Boyle; Irl B Hirsch; Philip E Cryer
Unaltered cerebral blood flow during hypoglycemic activation of the sympathochromaffin system in humans.
The American journal of physiology 1993;265(4 Pt 2):R883-7.
1993: B V Wiethop; Philip E Cryer
Alanine and terbutaline in treatment of hypoglycemia in IDDM.
Diabetes care 1993;16(8):1131-6.
1993: B V Wiethop; Philip E Cryer
Glycemic actions of alanine and terbutaline in IDDM.
Diabetes care 1993;16(8):1124-30.
1993: Samuel Dagogo-Jack; Suzanne Craft; Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Recent antecedent hypoglycemia reduces autonomic responses to, symptoms of, and defense against subsequent hypoglycemia.
The Journal of clinical investigation 1993;91(3):819-28.
1993: Philip E Cryer
Glucose counterregulation: prevention and correction of hypoglycemia in humans.
The American journal of physiology 1993;264(2 Pt 1):E149-55.
1992: Philip E Cryer
Hypoglycemia of obscure cause.
Hospital practice (Office ed.) 1992;27(8):119-22, 125-6, 129-32 passim.
1992: A Avogaro; Philip E Cryer; D M Bier
Epinephrine's ketogenic effect in humans is mediated principally by lipolysis.
The American journal of physiology 1992;263(2 Pt 1):E250-60.
1992: P J Boyle; A Avogaro; L Smith; D M Bier; Anuradha S Pappu; D R Illingworth; Philip E Cryer
Role of GH in regulating nocturnal rates of lipolysis and plasma mevalonate levels in normal and diabetic humans.
The American journal of physiology 1992;263(1 Pt 1):E168-72.
1992: J C Marker; Philip E Cryer; W E Clutter
Attenuated glucose recovery from hypoglycemia in the elderly.
Diabetes 1992;41(6):671-8.
1992: P J Boyle; A Avogaro; L Smith; S D Shah; Philip E Cryer; J V Santiago
Absence of the dawn phenomenon and abnormal lipolysis in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with chronic growth hormone deficiency.
Diabetologia 1992;35(4):372-9.
1992: Philip E Cryer
Iatrogenic hypoglycemia as a cause of hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure in IDDM. A vicious cycle.
Diabetes 1992;41(3):255-60.
1991: Irl B Hirsch; P J Boyle; Suzanne Craft; Philip E Cryer
Higher glycemic thresholds for symptoms during beta-adrenergic blockade in IDDM.
Diabetes 1991;40(9):1177-86.
1991: S R Heller; Philip E Cryer
Hypoinsulinemia is not critical to glucose recovery from hypoglycemia in humans.
The American journal of physiology 1991;261(1 Pt 1):E41-8.
1991: Irl B Hirsch; S R Heller; Philip E Cryer
Increased symptoms of hypoglycaemia in the standing position in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Clinical science (London, England : 1979) 1991;80(6):583-6.
1991: I B Hirsch; J C Marker; L J Smith; R J Spina; C A Parvin; John O Holloszy; Philip E Cryer
Insulin and glucagon in prevention of hypoglycemia during exercise in humans.
The American journal of physiology 1991;260(5 Pt 1):E695-704.
1991: J C Marker; I B Hirsch; L J Smith; C A Parvin; John O Holloszy; Philip E Cryer
Catecholamines in prevention of hypoglycemia during exercise in humans.
The American journal of physiology 1991;260(5 Pt 1):E705-12.
1991: P J Boyle; Philip E Cryer
Growth hormone, cortisol, or both are involved in defense against, but are not critical to recovery from, hypoglycemia.
The American journal of physiology 1991;260(3 Pt 1):E395-402.
1991: S R Heller; Philip E Cryer
Reduced neuroendocrine and symptomatic responses to subsequent hypoglycemia after 1 episode of hypoglycemia in nondiabetic humans.
Diabetes 1991;40(2):223-6.
1990: Philip E Cryer
Human insulin and hypoglycemia unawareness.
Diabetes care 1990;13(5):536-8.
1990: Irl B Hirsch; L J Smith; C E Havlin; S D Shah; W E Clutter; Philip E Cryer
Failure of nocturnal hypoglycemia to cause daytime hyperglycemia in patients with IDDM.
Diabetes care 1990;13(2):133-42.
1989: M A Staten; D E Matthews; Philip E Cryer; D M Bier
Epinephrine's effect on metabolic rate is independent of changes in plasma insulin or glucagon.
The American journal of physiology 1989;257(2 Pt 1):E185-92.
1989: P J Boyle; S D Shah; Philip E Cryer
Insulin, glucagon, and catecholamines in prevention of hypoglycemia during fasting.
The American journal of physiology 1989;256(5 Pt 1):E651-61.
1989: Stephen B Liggett; S D Shah; Philip E Cryer
Human tissue adrenergic receptors are not predictive of responses to epinephrine in vivo.
The American journal of physiology 1989;256(5 Pt 1):E600-9.
1989: Philip E Cryer
Decreased sympathochromaffin activity in IDDM.
Diabetes 1989;38(4):405-9.
1989: Stephen B Liggett; S D Shah; Philip E Cryer
Increased fat and skeletal muscle beta-adrenergic receptors but unaltered metabolic and hemodynamic sensitivity to epinephrine in vivo in experimental human thyrotoxicosis.
The Journal of clinical investigation 1989;83(3):803-9.
1988: P J Boyle; Stephen B Liggett; S D Shah; Philip E Cryer
Direct muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of hepatic glucose production in humans.
The Journal of clinical investigation 1988;82(2):445-9.
1988: Stephen B Liggett; J C Marker; S D Shah; C L Roper; Philip E Cryer
Direct relationship between mononuclear leukocyte and lung beta-adrenergic receptors and apparent reciprocal regulation of extravascular, but not intravascular, alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors by the sympathochromaffin system in humans.
The Journal of clinical investigation 1988;82(1):48-56.
1988: P J Boyle; N S Schwartz; S D Shah; W E Clutter; Philip E Cryer
Plasma glucose concentrations at the onset of hypoglycemic symptoms in patients with poorly controlled diabetes and in nondiabetics.
The New England journal of medicine 1988;318(23):1487-92.
1988: K R Tuttle; J C Marker; G P Dalsky; N S Schwartz; S D Shah; W E Clutter; John O Holloszy; Philip E Cryer
Glucagon, not insulin, may play a secondary role in defense against hypoglycemia during exercise.
The American journal of physiology 1988;254(6 Pt 1):E713-9.
1988: Stephen B Liggett; S D Shah; Philip E Cryer
Characterization of beta-adrenergic receptors of human skeletal muscle obtained by needle biopsy.
The American journal of physiology 1988;254(6 Pt 1):E795-8.
1988: D S King; G P Dalsky; W E Clutter; D A Young; M A Staten; Philip E Cryer; John O Holloszy
Effects of exercise and lack of exercise on insulin sensitivity and responsiveness.
Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) 1988;64(5):1942-6.
1988: D S King; G P Dalsky; W E Clutter; D A Young; M A Staten; Philip E Cryer; John O Holloszy
Effects of lack of exercise on insulin secretion and action in trained subjects.
The American journal of physiology 1988;254(5 Pt 1):E537-42.
1988: W E Clutter; Robert A Rizza; J E Gerich; Philip E Cryer
Regulation of glucose metabolism by sympathochromaffin catecholamines.
Diabetes/metabolism reviews 1988;4(1):1-15.
1987: N S Schwartz; W E Clutter; S D Shah; Philip E Cryer
Glycemic thresholds for activation of glucose counterregulatory systems are higher than the threshold for symptoms.
The Journal of clinical investigation 1987;79(3):777-81.
1986: D R Hoelzer; G P Dalsky; N S Schwartz; W E Clutter; S D Shah; John O Holloszy; Philip E Cryer
Epinephrine is not critical to prevention of hypoglycemia during exercise in humans.
The American journal of physiology 1986;251(1 Pt 1):E104-10.
1986: D R Hoelzer; G P Dalsky; W E Clutter; S D Shah; John O Holloszy; Philip E Cryer
Glucoregulation during exercise: hypoglycemia is prevented by redundant glucoregulatory systems, sympathochromaffin activation, and changes in islet hormone secretion.
The Journal of clinical investigation 1986;77(1):212-21.