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Paul Fine

Research Profile

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Sebastian M Mboma; James Mpunga; Lifted Sichali; Francis Drobniewski; Paul E M Fine; Neil French; Judith R Glynn; Rein M G J Houben; Amelia C Crampin
Control of (multi)drug resistance and tuberculosis incidence over 23 years in the context of a well-supported tuberculosis programme in rural Malawi.
Maria Rupérez Larrea; Maria Cristina Carreño; Paul E M Fine
Patterns and trends of leprosy in Mexico: 1989-2009.
Amelia C Crampin; Albert Dube; Paul E M Fine; Sian Floyd; French Neil; Judith R Glynn; Andreas Jahn; Sebastian Mboma; Nuala McGrath; Anna Molesworth; Elnaeus Mwaiyeghele; Alison Price; Angela Baschieri; Keith Branson; Menard Chihana; Basia Zaba
Profile: the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance System.

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All Publications

2013: Sebastian M Mboma; James Mpunga; Lifted Sichali; Francis Drobniewski; Paul E M Fine; Neil French; Judith R Glynn; Rein M G J Houben; Amelia C Crampin
Control of (multi)drug resistance and tuberculosis incidence over 23 years in the context of a well-supported tuberculosis programme in rural Malawi.
PloS one 2013;8(3):e58192.
2012: Maria Rupérez Larrea; Maria Cristina Carreño; Paul E M Fine
Patterns and trends of leprosy in Mexico: 1989-2009.
Leprosy review 2012;83(2):184-94.
2012: Amelia C Crampin; Albert Dube; Paul E M Fine; Sian Floyd; French Neil; Judith R Glynn; Andreas Jahn; Sebastian Mboma; Nuala McGrath; Anna Molesworth; Elnaeus Mwaiyeghele; Alison Price; Angela Baschieri; Keith Branson; Menard Chihana; Basia Zaba
Profile: the Karonga Health and Demographic Surveillance System.
International journal of epidemiology 2012;41(3):676-85.
2010: A Jahn; Sian Floyd; Amelia C Crampin; H Mvula; VK Mwinuka; E Mwaiyeghele; Nuala McGrath; Basia Zaba; Paul E M Fine; Judith R Glynn
Declining child mortality in northern Malawi despite high rates of infection with HIV.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2010;88(10):746-53.
2010: R M G J Houben; Judith R Glynn; K Mallard; L Sichali; Simon Malema; Paul E M Fine; French Neil; Amelia C Crampin
Human immunodeficiency virus increases the risk of tuberculosis due to recent re-infection in individuals with latent infection.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2010;14(7):909-15.
2010: Judith R Glynn; Saad Alghamdi; Kim Mallard; Ruth McNerney; Richard Ndlovu; Lumbani Munthali; Rein M Houben; Paul E M Fine; French Neil; Amelia C Crampin
Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotype families over 20 years in a population-based study in Northern Malawi.
PloS one 2010;5(8):e12259.
2010: Andreas Jahn; Sian Floyd; Nuala McGrath; Amelia C Crampin; Lackson Kachiwanda; VK Mwinuka; Basia Zaba; Paul E M Fine; Judith R Glynn
Child mortality in rural Malawi: HIV closes the survival gap between the socio-economic strata.
PloS one 2010;5(6):e11320.
2009: Ai Koba; Norihisa Ishii; Shuichi Mori; Paul E M Fine
The decline of leprosy in Japan: patterns and trends 1964-2008.
Leprosy review 2009;80(4):432-40.
2009: Rein M G J Houben; Amelia C Crampin; Kim Mallard; J Nimrod Mwaungulu; Malcolm D Yates; Frank D Mwaungulu; Bagrey Ngwira; French Neil; Paul E M Fine; Judith R Glynn
HIV and the risk of tuberculosis due to recent transmission over 12 years in Karonga District, Malawi.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2009;103(12):1187-9.
2009: Paul E M Fine
Polio: measuring the protection that matters most.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2009;200(5):673-5.
2009: Paul E M Fine; Thomas N Williams; Peter Aaby; Karin Källander; Lawrence H Moulton; Katie L Flanagan; Peter G Smith; Christine S Benn
Epidemiological studies of the 'non-specific effects' of vaccines: I--data collection in observational studies.
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 2009;14(9):969-76.
2009: Maeve K Lalor; Anne Ben-Smith; Patricia Gorak-Stolinska; Rosemary E Weir; Sian Floyd; Rose Blitz; Hazzie Mvula; Melanie J Newport; Keith Branson; Nuala McGrath; Amelia C Crampin; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell
Population differences in immune responses to Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in infancy.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2009;199(6):795-800.
2008: Katharina Kranzer; Nuala McGrath; Jacky Saul; Amelia C Crampin; Andreas Jahn; Simon Malema; Dominic Mulawa; Paul E M Fine; Basia Zaba; Judith R Glynn
Individual, household and community factors associated with HIV test refusal in rural Malawi.
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 2008;13(11):1341-50.
2008: Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; Hamidou Traore; Steven D Chaguluka; Donex T Mwafulirwa; Saad Alghamdi; Bagrey Ngwira; Malcolm D Yates; Francis D Drobniewski; Paul E M Fine
Determinants of cluster size in large, population-based molecular epidemiology study of tuberculosis, northern Malawi.
Emerging infectious diseases 2008;14(7):1060-6.
2008: Emilia Vynnycky; Martien Borgdorff; C C Leung; C M Tam; Paul E M Fine
Limited impact of tuberculosis control in Hong Kong: attributable to high risks of reactivation disease.
Epidemiology and infection 2008;136(7):943-52.
2008: Amelia C Crampin; Andreas Jahn; Masiya Kondowe; Bagrey Ngwira; Joanne Hemmings; Judith R Glynn; Sian Floyd; Paul E M Fine; Basia Zaba
Use of antenatal clinic surveillance to assess the effect of sexual behavior on HIV prevalence in young women in Karonga district, Malawi.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 2008;48(2):196-202.
2008: Amelia C Crampin; Sian Floyd; Bagrey Ngwira; VK Mwinuka; J N Mwaungulu; Keith Branson; Paul E M Fine; Judith R Glynn
Assessment and evaluation of contact as a risk factor for tuberculosis in rural Africa.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2008;12(6):612-8.
2008: Andreas Jahn; Sian Floyd; Amelia C Crampin; Frank D Mwaungulu; Hazzie Mvula; Fipson Munthali; Nuala McGrath; Johnbosco Mwafilaso; VK Mwinuka; Bernard Mangongo; Paul E M Fine; Basia Zaba; Judith R Glynn
Population-level effect of HIV on adult mortality and early evidence of reversal after introduction of antiretroviral therapy in Malawi.
Lancet 2008;371(9624):1603-11.
2008: Sian Floyd; Amelia C Crampin; Judith R Glynn; Michael Mwenebabu; Stancelaus Mnkhondia; Bagrey Ngwira; Basia Zaba; Paul E M Fine
The long-term social and economic impact of HIV on the spouses of infected individuals in northern Malawi.
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 2008;13(4):520-31.
2008: Alison Wringe; Paul E M Fine; Roland W Sutter; Olen M Kew
Estimating the extent of vaccine-derived poliovirus infection.
PloS one 2008;3(10):e3433.
2008: Anne Ben-Smith; Patricia Gorak-Stolinska; Sian Floyd; Rosemary E Weir; Maeve K Lalor; Hazzie Mvula; Amelia C Crampin; Diana Wallace; Peter C L Beverley; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell
Differences between naive and memory T cell phenotype in Malawian and UK adolescents: a role for Cytomegalovirus?
BMC infectious diseases 2008;8():139.
2008: Marc-André Prost; Andreas Jahn; Sian Floyd; Hazzie Mvula; Eleneus Mwaiyeghele; VK Mwinuka; Thomas Mhango; Amelia C Crampin; Nuala McGrath; Paul E M Fine; Judith R Glynn
Implication of new WHO growth standards on identification of risk factors and estimated prevalence of malnutrition in rural Malawian infants.
PloS one 2008;3(7):e2684.
2008: Saroj K Young; JM Ponnighaus; Suman Jain; Sebastian Lucas; Sujai Suneetha; Diana N J Lockwood; Douglas B Young; Paul E M Fine
Use of short tandem repeat sequences to study Mycobacterium leprae in leprosy patients in Malawi and India.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases 2008;2(4):e214.
2008: A Jahn; Sian Floyd; VK Mwinuka; J Mwafilaso; D Mwagomba; R E Mkisi; A Katsulukuta; A Khunga; Amelia C Crampin; Keith Branson; Nuala McGrath; Paul E M Fine
Ascertainment of childhood vaccination histories in northern Malawi.
Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH 2008;13(1):129-38.
2008: Rosemary E Weir; Paul E M Fine; Sian Floyd; Sally Stenson; Carolynne Stanley; Keith Branson; Warwick J Britton; Kris Huygen; Mahavir Singh; Gillian Black; Hazel M Dockrell
Comparison of IFN-gamma responses to mycobacterial antigens as markers of response to BCG vaccination.
Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) 2008;88(1):31-8.
2008: Rosemary E Weir; Patricia Gorak-Stolinska; Sian Floyd; Maeve K Lalor; Sally Stenson; Keith Branson; Rose Blitz; Anne Ben-Smith; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell
Persistence of the immune response induced by BCG vaccination.
BMC infectious diseases 2008;8():9.
2007: Nuala McGrath; Katharina Kranzer; Jacqueline Saul; Amelia C Crampin; Simon Malema; Lackson Kachiwanda; Basia Zaba; Andreas Jahn; Paul E M Fine; Judith R Glynn
Estimating the need for antiretroviral treatment and an assessment of a simplified HIV/AIDS case definition in rural Malawi.
AIDS (London, England) 2007;21 Suppl 6():S105-13.
2007: I Ciglenecki; Judith R Glynn; Alwyn Mwinga; Bagrey Ngwira; Alimuddin Zumla; Paul E M Fine; A Nunn
Population differences in death rates in HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2007;11(10):1121-8.
2007: Anneke C Hesseling; Mark F Cotton; Ben J Marais; Robert P Gie; H S Schaaf; N Beyers; Paul E M Fine; E J Abrams; Peter Godfrey-Faussett; L Kuhn
BCG and HIV reconsidered: moving the research agenda forward.
Vaccine 2007;25(36):6565-8.
2007: Richard G White; Emilia Vynnycky; Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; A Jahn; Frank D Mwaungulu; O Mwanyongo; H Jabu; H Phiri; Nuala McGrath; Basia Zaba; Paul E M Fine
HIV epidemic trend and antiretroviral treatment need in Karonga District, Malawi.
Epidemiology and infection 2007;135(6):922-32.
2007: Sian Floyd; Amelia C Crampin; Judith R Glynn; Nyovani Madise; M Mwenebabu; S Mnkhondia; Bagrey Ngwira; Basia Zaba; Paul E M Fine
The social and economic impact of parental HIV on children in northern Malawi: retrospective population-based cohort study.
AIDS care 2007;19(6):781-90.
2007: Paul E M Fine; Ulla Kou Griffiths
Global poliomyelitis eradication: status and implications.
Lancet 2007;369(9570):1321-2.
2007: R J Dacombe; Amelia C Crampin; Sian Floyd; Anna Randall; R Ndhlovu; Quentin Bickle; Paul E M Fine
Time delays between patient and laboratory selectively affect accuracy of helminth diagnosis.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2007;101(2):140-5.
2007: Anneke C Hesseling; Ben J Marais; Robert P Gie; H Simon Schaaf; Paul E M Fine; Peter Godfrey-Faussett; Nulda Beyers
The risk of disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) disease in HIV-infected children.
Vaccine 2007;25(1):14-8.
2006: Paul E M Fine; S Ritchie
Perspective: determinants of the severity of poliovirus outbreaks in the post eradication era.
Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis 2006;26(6):1533-40.
2006: Rosemary E Weir; Gillian F Black; Bernadette Nazareth; Sian Floyd; Sally Stenson; C Stanley; Keith Branson; Lifted Sichali; Steven D Chaguluka; Linda Donovan; Amelia C Crampin; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell
The influence of previous exposure to environmental mycobacteria on the interferon-gamma response to bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in southern England and northern Malawi.
Clinical and experimental immunology 2006;146(3):390-9.
2006: G R Davies; Paul E M Fine; Emilia Vynnycky
Mixture analysis of tuberculin survey data from northern Malawi and critique of the method.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2006;10(9):1023-9.
2006: Patricia Gorak-Stolinska; Rosemary E Weir; Sian Floyd; Maeve K Lalor; Sally Stenson; Keith Branson; Rose Blitz; Sarah Luke; Bernadette Nazareth; Anne Ben-Smith; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell
Immunogenicity of Danish-SSI 1331 BCG vaccine in the UK: comparison with Glaxo-Evans 1077 BCG vaccine.
Vaccine 2006;24(29-30):5726-33.
2006: Amelia C Crampin; Judith R Glynn; Hamidou Traore; Malcolm D Yates; Lorren Mwaungulu; Michael Mwenebabu; Steven D Chaguluka; Sian Floyd; Francis Drobniewski; Paul E M Fine
Tuberculosis transmission attributable to close contacts and HIV status, Malawi.
Emerging infectious diseases 2006;12(5):729-35.
2006: Andrea R Bennett; Patricia Gorak-Stolinska; Anne Ben-Smith; Sian Floyd; Catherine M De Lara; Rosemary E Weir; Maeve K Lalor; Kandakuone Makamo; Glyn K Msiska; Amelia C Crampin; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell; Peter C L Beverley
The PPD-specific T-cell clonal response in UK and Malawian subjects following BCG vaccination: a new repertoire evolves over 12 months.
Vaccine 2006;24(14):2617-26.
2006: Grace P McCormack; Judith R Glynn; Jonathan P Clewley; Amelia C Crampin; Simon A A Travers; Niamh Redmond; Thomas M Keane; Felix Sibande; Dominic Mulawa; Paul E M Fine
Emergence of a three codon deletion in gag p17 in HIV type 1 subtype C long-term survivors, and general population spread.
AIDS research and human retroviruses 2006;22(2):195-201.
2005: Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; Malcolm D Yates; Hamidou Traore; Frank D Mwaungulu; Bagrey Ngwira; Richard Ndlovu; Francis Drobniewski; Paul E M Fine
The importance of recent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in an area with high HIV prevalence: a long-term molecular epidemiological study in Northern Malawi.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2005;192(3):480-7.
2005: Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; Hamidou Traore; Malcolm D Yates; Frank D Mwaungulu; Bagrey Ngwira; Steven D Chaguluka; Donex T Mwafulirwa; Sian Floyd; Caroline Murphy; Francis A Drobniewski; Paul E M Fine
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype, northern Malawi.
Emerging infectious diseases 2005;11(1):150-3.
2004: Paul E M Fine
Poliomyelitis: very small risks and very large risks.
Lancet neurology 2004;3(12):703.
2004: Simon A A Travers; Jonathan P Clewley; Judith R Glynn; Paul E M Fine; Amelia C Crampin; Felix Sibande; Dominic Mulawa; James O McInerney; Grace P McCormack
Timing and reconstruction of the most recent common ancestor of the subtype C clade of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Journal of virology 2004;78(19):10501-6.
2004: Judith R Glynn; Malcolm D Yates; Amelia C Crampin; Bagrey Ngwira; Frank D Mwaungulu; Gillian F Black; Steven D Chaguluka; Donex T Mwafulirwa; Sian Floyd; Caroline Murphy; Francis A Drobniewski; Paul E M Fine
DNA fingerprint changes in tuberculosis: reinfection, evolution, or laboratory error?
The Journal of infectious diseases 2004;190(6):1158-66.
2004: Paul E M Fine
Commentary: is it really M. leprae?
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 2004;72(3):317-9.
2004: Jodene Fitness; Sian Floyd; David K Warndorff; Lifted Sichali; Simon Malema; Amelia C Crampin; Paul E M Fine; Adrian V S Hill
Large-scale candidate gene study of tuberculosis susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2004;71(3):341-9.
2004: Jodene Fitness; Sian Floyd; David K Warndorff; Lifted Sichali; Lorren Mwaungulu; Amelia C Crampin; Paul E M Fine; Adrian V S Hill
Large-scale candidate gene study of leprosy susceptibility in the Karonga district of northern Malawi.
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2004;71(3):330-40.
2004: Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; Bagrey Ngwira; Frank D Mwaungulu; Donex T Mwafulirwa; Sian Floyd; Jörg M Pönnighaus; David K Warndorff; Paul E M Fine
Trends in tuberculosis and the influence of HIV infection in northern Malawi, 1988-2001.
AIDS (London, England) 2004;18(10):1459-63.
2004: Frank B D Mwaungulu; Sian Floyd; Amelia C Crampin; Simplex Kasimba; Simon Malema; Huxley Kanyongoloka; Anthony D Harries; Judith R Glynn; Paul E M Fine
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis reduces mortality in human immunodeficiency virus-positive tuberculosis patients in Karonga District, Malawi.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2004;82(5):354-63.
2004: chris wallace; Jodene Fitness; B J W Hennig; Lifted Sichali; Lorren Mwaungulu; Jörg M Pönnighaus; David K Warndorff; David Clayton; Paul E M Fine; Adrian V S Hill
Linkage analysis of susceptibility to leprosy type using an IBD regression method.
Genes and immunity 2004;5(3):221-5.
2004: Rosemary E Weir; Gillian F Black; Hazel M Dockrell; Sian Floyd; Paul E M Fine; Steven D Chaguluka; Sally Stenson; Elizabeth King; Bernadette Nazareth; David K Warndorff; Bagrey Ngwira; Amelia C Crampin; Lorren Mwaungulu; Lifted Sichali; Elizabeth Jarman; Linda Donovan; Jenefer M Blackwell
Mycobacterial purified protein derivatives stimulate innate immunity: Malawians show enhanced tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-10 responses compared to those of adolescents in the United Kingdom.
Infection and immunity 2004;72(3):1807-11.
2004: Amelia C Crampin; Judith R Glynn; Sian Floyd; Simon Malema; VK Mwinuka; Bagrey Ngwira; Frank D Mwaungulu; David K Warndorff; Paul E M Fine
Tuberculosis and gender: exploring the patterns in a case control study in Malawi.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2004;8(2):194-203.
2004: Paul E M Fine; George Oblapenko; Roland W Sutter
Polio control after certification: major issues outstanding.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2004;82(1):47-52.
2003: Paul E M Fine
The interval between successive cases of an infectious disease.
American journal of epidemiology 2003;158(11):1039-47.
2003: Rosemary E Weir; Paul E M Fine; Bernadette Nazareth; Sian Floyd; Gillian F Black; Elizabeth King; C Stanley; Lyn Bliss; Keith Branson; Hazel M Dockrell
Interferon-gamma and skin test responses of schoolchildren in southeast England to purified protein derivatives from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other species of mycobacteria.
Clinical and experimental immunology 2003;134(2):285-94.
2003: Amelia C Crampin; Judith R Glynn; Bagrey Ngwira; Frank D Mwaungulu; Jörg M Pönnighaus; David K Warndorff; Paul E M Fine
Trends and measurement of HIV prevalence in northern Malawi.
AIDS (London, England) 2003;17(12):1817-25.
2003: Gillian F Black; Rosemary E Weir; Steven D Chaguluka; David K Warndorff; Amelia C Crampin; Lorren Mwaungulu; Lifted Sichali; Sian Floyd; Lyn Bliss; Elizabeth Jarman; Linda Donovan; Peter Andersen; Warwick Britton; Glyn Hewinson; Kris Huygen; Jens Paulsen; Mahavir Singh; Ross Prestidge; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell
Gamma interferon responses induced by a panel of recombinant and purified mycobacterial antigens in healthy, non-mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated Malawian young adults.
Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 2003;10(4):602-11.
2003: Grace P McCormack; Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; Felix Sibande; Dominic Mulawa; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan P Clewley
Highly divergent HIV type 1 group M sequences evident in Karonga District, Malawi in early 1980s.
AIDS research and human retroviruses 2003;19(5):441-5.
2003: Amelia C Crampin; Sian Floyd; Judith R Glynn; Nyovani Madise; Andrew Nyondo; Masiya M Khondowe; Chance L Njoka; Huxley Kanyongoloka; Bagrey Ngwira; Basia Zaba; Paul E M Fine
The long-term impact of HIV and orphanhood on the mortality and physical well-being of children in rural Malawi.
AIDS (London, England) 2003;17(3):389-97.
2003: Paul E M Fine
Commentary: Non-specific effects of measles vaccine--more grist for the mill.
International journal of epidemiology 2003;32(1):116-7.
2003: Emilia Vynnycky; Martien Borgdorff; Dick Van Soolingen; Paul E M Fine
Annual Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection risk and interpretation of clustering statistics.
Emerging infectious diseases 2003;9(2):176-83.
2002: Grace P McCormack; Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; Felix Sibande; Dominic Mulawa; Lyn Bliss; Philip Broadbent; Katia Abarca; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan P Clewley
Early evolution of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C epidemic in rural Malawi.
Journal of virology 2002;76(24):12890-9.
2002: Sian Floyd; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Lyn Bliss; Prince Nkhosa; Lifted Sichali; Glyn Msiska; Paul E M Fine
Kinetics of delayed-type hypersensitivity to tuberculin induced by bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination in northern Malawi.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2002;186(6):807-14.
2002: Amelia C Crampin; Sian Floyd; Judith R Glynn; Felix Sibande; Dominic Mulawa; Andrew Nyondo; Philip Broadbent; Lyn Bliss; Bagrey Ngwira; Paul E M Fine
Long-term follow-up of HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals in rural Malawi.
AIDS (London, England) 2002;16(11):1545-50.
2002: Gillian F Black; Rosemary E Weir; Sian Floyd; Lyn Bliss; David K Warndorff; Amelia C Crampin; Bagrey Ngwira; Lifted Sichali; Bernadette Nazareth; Jenefer M Blackwell; Keith Branson; Steven D Chaguluka; Linda Donovan; Elizabeth Jarman; Elizabeth King; Paul E M Fine; Hazel M Dockrell
BCG-induced increase in interferon-gamma response to mycobacterial antigens and efficacy of BCG vaccination in Malawi and the UK: two randomised controlled studies.
Lancet 2002;359(9315):1393-401.
2002: Bagrey Ngwira; C H Jabu; Huxley Kanyongoloka; M Mponda; Amelia C Crampin; Keith Branson; N D E Alexander; Paul E M Fine
Lymphatic filariasis in the Karonga district of northern Malawi: a prevalence survey.
Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology 2002;96(2):137-44.
2002: A E Randall; M A Perez; Sian Floyd; Gillian F Black; Amelia C Crampin; Bagrey Ngwira; W N Pistoni; Dominic Mulawa; Lifted Sichali; Lorren Mwaungulu; Quentin Bickle; Paul E M Fine
Patterns of helminth infection and relationship to BCG vaccination in Karonga District, northern Malawi.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2002;96(1):29-33.
2001: Amelia C Crampin; Sian Floyd; Frank D Mwaungulu; G Black; R Ndhlovu; E Mwaiyeghele; Judith R Glynn; David K Warndorff; Paul E M Fine
Comparison of two versus three smears in identifying culture-positive tuberculosis patients in a rural African setting with high HIV prevalence.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2001;5(11):994-9.
2001: Judith R Glynn; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Amelia C Crampin; Felix Sibande; Lifted Sichali; Prince Nkhosa; Philip Broadbent; Paul E M Fine
The development of the HIV epidemic in Karonga District, Malawi.
AIDS (London, England) 2001;15(15):2025-9.
2001: Amelia C Crampin; VK Mwinuka; Simon Malema; Judith R Glynn; Paul E M Fine
Field-based random sampling without a sampling frame: control selection for a case-control study in rural Africa.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2001;95(5):481-3.
2001: Gillian F Black; Hazel M Dockrell; Amelia C Crampin; Sian Floyd; Rosemary E Weir; Lyn Bliss; Lifted Sichali; Lorren Mwaungulu; Huxley Kanyongoloka; Bagrey Ngwira; David K Warndorff; Paul E M Fine
Patterns and implications of naturally acquired immune responses to environmental and tuberculous mycobacterial antigens in northern Malawi.
The Journal of infectious diseases 2001;184(3):322-9.
2001: Paul E M Fine; Sian Floyd; J L Stanford; Prince Nkhosa; A Kasunga; Steven D Chaguluka; David K Warndorff; P A Jenkins; M Yates; JM Ponnighaus
Environmental mycobacteria in northern Malawi: implications for the epidemiology of tuberculosis and leprosy.
Epidemiology and infection 2001;126(3):379-87.
2001: Emilia Vynnycky; Nico Nagelkerke; Martien Borgdorff; D van Soolingen; J D van Embden; Paul E M Fine
The effect of age and study duration on the relationship between 'clustering' of DNA fingerprint patterns and the proportion of tuberculosis disease attributable to recent transmission.
Epidemiology and infection 2001;126(1):43-62.
2001: Paul E M Fine; R W Sutter; Walter A Orenstein
Stopping a polio outbreak in the post-eradication era.
Developments in biologicals 2001;105():129-47; discussion 149-50.
2001: Paul E M Fine
BCG: the challenge continues.
Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases 2001;33(4):243-5.
2000: Hazel M Dockrell; Gillian F Black; Rosemary E Weir; Paul E M Fine
Whole blood assays for interferon-gamma: practicalities and potential for use as diagnostic tests in the field.
Leprosy review 2000;71 Suppl():S60-2.
2000: Sian Floyd; JM Ponnighaus; Lyn Bliss; David K Warndorff; A Kasunga; P Mogha; Paul E M Fine
BCG scars in northern Malawi: sensitivity and repeatability of scar reading, and factors affecting scar size.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2000;4(12):1133-42.
2000: Judith R Glynn; David K Warndorff; Simon Malema; VK Mwinuka; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Amelia C Crampin; Paul E M Fine
Tuberculosis: associations with HIV and socioeconomic status in rural Malawi.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2000;94(5):500-3.
2000: David K Warndorff; M Yates; Bagrey Ngwira; S Chagaluka; P A Jenkins; Francis Drobniewski; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Judith R Glynn; Paul E M Fine
Trends in antituberculosis drug resistance in Karonga District, Malawi, 1986-1998.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2000;4(8):752-7.
2000: Emilia Vynnycky; Paul E M Fine
Lifetime risks, incubation period, and serial interval of tuberculosis.
American journal of epidemiology 2000;152(3):247-63.
2000: Paul E M Fine
Gaps in our knowledge about transmission of vaccine-derived polioviruses.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000;78(3):358-9.
1999: Judith R Glynn; J Bauer; Annette S de Boer; Martien Borgdorff; Paul E M Fine; Peter Godfrey-Faussett; Emilia Vynnycky
Interpreting DNA fingerprint clusters of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. European Concerted Action on Molecular Epidemiology and Control of Tuberculosis.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 1999;3(12):1055-60.
1999: Paul E M Fine; Ilona Carneiro
Transmissibility and persistence of oral polio vaccine viruses: implications for the global poliomyelitis eradication initiative.
American journal of epidemiology 1999;150(10):1001-21.
1999: Paul E M Fine; J Bruce; JM Ponnighaus; Prince Nkhosa; A Harawa; Emilia Vynnycky
Tuberculin sensitivity: conversions and reversions in a rural African population.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 1999;3(11):962-75.
1999: Emilia Vynnycky; Paul E M Fine
Interpreting the decline in tuberculosis: the role of secular trends in effective contact.
International journal of epidemiology 1999;28(2):327-34.
1999: Judith R Glynn; Emilia Vynnycky; Paul E M Fine
Influence of sampling on estimates of clustering and recent transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived from DNA fingerprinting techniques.
American journal of epidemiology 1999;149(4):366-71.
1998: Paul E M Fine; Emilia Vynnycky
The effect of heterologous immunity upon the apparent efficacy of (e.g. BCG) vaccines.
Vaccine 1998;16(20):1923-8.
1998: Emilia Vynnycky; Paul E M Fine
The long-term dynamics of tuberculosis and other diseases with long serial intervals: implications of and for changing reproduction numbers.
Epidemiology and infection 1998;121(2):309-24.
1998: Jonathan A C Sterne; Paul E M Fine; Jörg M Pönnighaus; R J Rees; D Chavula
Delayed-type hypersensitivity to Mycobacterium leprae soluble antigens as a test for infection with the leprosy bacillus.
International journal of epidemiology 1998;27(4):713-21.
1998: Paul E M Fine
Vaccines, genes and trials.
Novartis Foundation symposium 1998;217():57-69; discussion 69-72.
1998: Judith R Glynn; David K Warndorff; Paul E M Fine; M M Munthali; W Sichone; Jörg M Pönnighaus
Measurement and determinants of tuberculosis outcome in Karonga District, Malawi.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1998;76(3):295-305.
1997: Emilia Vynnycky; Paul E M Fine
The annual risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis in England and Wales since 1901.
The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 1997;1(5):389-96.
1997: Emilia Vynnycky; Paul E M Fine
The natural history of tuberculosis: the implications of age-dependent risks of disease and the role of reinfection.
Epidemiology and infection 1997;119(2):183-201.
1997: Paul E M Fine; David K Warndorff
Leprosy by the year 2000--what is being eliminated?
Leprosy review 1997;68(3):201-2.
1997: Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Lyn Bliss; J Saui; A Chihana; M Munthali; David K Warndorff
Household and dwelling contact as risk factors for leprosy in northern Malawi.
American journal of epidemiology 1997;146(1):91-102.
1997: JM Ponnighaus; C Lienhardt; Sebastian Lucas; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne
Comparison of bacillary indexes in slit-skin smears, skin and nerve biopsies; a study from Malawi.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1997;65(2):211-6.
1997: Paul E M Fine
Adult pertussis: a salesman's dream--and an epidemiologist's nightmare.
Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization 1997;25(2):195-8.
1997: Paul E M Fine
Implications of different study designs for the evaluation of acellular pertussis vaccines.
Developments in biological standardization 1997;89():123-33.
1996: Paul E M Fine
Primary prevention of leprosy.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1996;64(4 Suppl):S44-9.
1996: David K Warndorff; Judith R Glynn; Paul E M Fine; S Jamil; M Y de Wit; M M Munthali; neil stoker; Paul R Klatser
Polymerase chain reaction of nasal swabs from tuberculosis patients and their contacts.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1996;64(4):404-8.
1996: Jonathan A C Sterne; Paul E M Fine; Jörg M Pönnighaus; F Sibanda; M Munthali; Judith R Glynn
Does bacille Calmette-Guérin scar size have implications for protection against tuberculosis or leprosy?
Tubercle and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 1996;77(2):117-23.
1995: Jonathan A C Sterne; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; S S Malema
Geographic determinants of leprosy in Karonga District, Northern Malawi.
International journal of epidemiology 1995;24(6):1211-22.
1995: Paul E M Fine
Variation in protection by BCG: implications of and for heterologous immunity.
Lancet 1995;346(8986):1339-45.
1995: Jonathan A C Sterne; A C Turner; Paul E M Fine; J V Parry; Sebastian Lucas; Jörg M Pönnighaus; P K Mkandwire; S Nyasulu; David K Warndorff
Testing for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a population in which mycobacterial diseases are endemic.
The Journal of infectious diseases 1995;172(2):543-6.
1995: Judith R Glynn; P A Jenkins; Paul E M Fine; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Jonathan A C Sterne; P K Mkandwire; S Nyasulu; L Bliss; David K Warndorff
Patterns of initial and acquired antituberculosis drug resistance in Karonga District, Malawi.
Lancet 1995;345(8954):907-10.
1995: Sebastian Lucas; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne; Jörg M Pönnighaus; A C Turner; K M De Cock; M Zuckerman
Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among leprosy patients in Zaire.
The Journal of infectious diseases 1995;171(2):502-4.
1995: Paul E M Fine
Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccines: a rough guide.
Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 1995;20(1):11-4.
1994: Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne; Jörg M Pönnighaus; R J Rees
Delayed-type hypersensitivity, mycobacterial vaccines and protective immunity.
Lancet 1994;344(8932):1245-9.
1994: JM Ponnighaus; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne; S S Malema; L Bliss; R J Wilson
Extended schooling and good housing conditions are associated with reduced risk of leprosy in rural Malawi.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1994;62(3):345-52.
1994: C Lienhardt; Paul E M Fine
Type 1 reaction, neuritis and disability in leprosy. What is the current epidemiological situation?
Leprosy review 1994;65(1):9-33.
1994: Jörg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne; L Bliss; R J Wilson; S S Malema; S Kileta
Incidence rates of leprosy in Karonga District, northern Malawi: patterns by age, sex, BCG status and classification.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1994;62(1):10-23.
1993: Jörg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; L Bliss; P J Gruer; B Kapira-Mwamondwe; E Msosa; R J Rees; D Clayton; Malcolm Pike; Jonathan A C Sterne
The Karonga Prevention Trial: a leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine trial in northern Malaŵi. I. Methods of the vaccination phase.
Leprosy review 1993;64(4):338-56.
1993: Paul E M Fine; C K Job; Sebastian Lucas; W M Meyers; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Jonathan A C Sterne
Extent, origin, and implications of observer variation in the histopathological diagnosis of suspected leprosy.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1993;61(2):270-82.
1993: Jörg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne; Sebastian Lucas; A C McDougall
Long-term active surveillance of leprosy suspects--what are the likely returns?
Leprosy review 1993;64(1):25-36.
1993: Jonathan A C Sterne; A C Turner; J A Connell; J V Parry; Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus; S Nyasulu; P K Mkandwire
Human immunodeficiency virus: GACPAT and GACELISA as diagnostic tests for antibodies in urine.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1993;87(2):181-3.
1992: Jörg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan A C Sterne; R J Wilson; E Msosa; P J Gruer; P A Jenkins; Sebastian Lucas; N G Liomba; L Bliss
Efficacy of BCG vaccine against leprosy and tuberculosis in northern Malawi.
Lancet 1992;339(8794):636-9.
1991: G Boerrigter; Jörg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; R J Wilson
Four-year follow-up results of a WHO-recommended multiple-drug regimen in paucibacillary leprosy patients in Malawi.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1991;59(2):255-61.
1991: Jörg M Pönnighaus; L J Mwanjasi; Paul E M Fine; Marie-Anne Shaw; A C Turner; S M Oxborrow; Sebastian Lucas; P A Jenkins; Jonathan A C Sterne; L Bliss
Is HIV infection a risk factor for leprosy?
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1991;59(2):221-8.
1991: Marie-Anne Shaw; A C Turner; Jenefer M Blackwell; Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus
Setting up HIV serology for the Karonga leprosy vaccine trial in Malaŵi.
Leprosy review 1991;62(1):87-104.
1990: I M Ponnighaus; G Boerrigter; Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus; J Russell
Disabilities in leprosy patients ascertained in a total population survey in Karonga District, northern Malaŵi.
Leprosy review 1990;61(4):366-74.
1990: JM Ponnighaus; Paul E M Fine; P J Gruer; N Maine
The anatomical distribution of single leprosy lesions in an African population, and its implications for the pathogenesis of leprosy.
Leprosy review 1990;61(3):242-50.
1990: Paul E M Fine; Laura C Rodrigues
Modern vaccines. Mycobacterial diseases.
Lancet 1990;335(8696):1016-20.
1989: Paul E M Fine
Immunological tools in leprosy control.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1989;57(3):671-86.
1989: Paul E M Fine; P J Gruer; N Maine; JM Ponnighaus; R J Rees; J L Stanford
Failure of Mycobacterium leprae soluble antigens to suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to tuberculin.
Clinical and experimental immunology 1989;77(2):226-9.
1989: Paul E M Fine
The BCG story: lessons from the past and implications for the future.
Reviews of infectious diseases 1989;11 Suppl 2():S353-9.
1989: Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus; N Maine
The distribution and implications of BCG scars in northern Malawi.
Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1989;67(1):35-42.
1988: Paul E M Fine
Implications of genetics for the epidemiology and control of leprosy.
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences 1988;321(1207):365-76.
1988: G Boerrigter; JM Ponnighaus; Paul E M Fine
Preliminary appraisal of a WHO-recommended multiple drug regimen in paucibacillary leprosy patients in Malawi.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1988;56(3):408-17.
1988: Paul E M Fine; J A Clarkson; Elizabeth Miller
The efficacy of pertussis vaccines under conditions of household exposure. Further analysis of the 1978-80 PHLS/ERL study in 21 area health authorities in England.
International journal of epidemiology 1988;17(3):635-42.
1988: Paul E M Fine; Z Jezek; B Grab; H Dixon
The transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations.
International journal of epidemiology 1988;17(3):643-50.
1988: P J Burgess; Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus; C Draper
Serological tests in leprosy. The sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of ELISA tests based on phenolic glycolipid antigens, and the implications for their use in epidemiological studies.
Epidemiology and infection 1988;101(1):159-71.
1988: JM Ponnighaus; Paul E M Fine; N Maine; L Bliss; M Kalambo; I Ponnighaus
The Lepra Evaluation Project (LEP), an epidemiological study of leprosy in northern Malaŵi. II: Prevalence rates.
Leprosy review 1988;59(2):97-112.
1988: Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus; P Burgess; J A Clarkson; C C Draper
Seroepidemiological studies of leprosy in northern Malawi based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using synthetic glycoconjugate antigen.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1988;56(2):243-54.
1988: JM Ponnighaus; Paul E M Fine
Leprosy in Malawi. 1. Sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis and the search for risk factors for leprosy.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1988;82(6):803-9.
1988: Paul E M Fine
Can pertussis be eradicated?
The Tokai journal of experimental and clinical medicine 1988;13 Suppl():129-31.
1988: Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus
Leprosy in Malawi. 2. Background, design and prospects of the Karonga Prevention Trial, a leprosy vaccine trial in northern Malawi.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 1988;82(6):810-7.
1987: J M Ponninghaus; Paul E M Fine; L Bliss; I J Sliney; D J Bradley; R J Rees
The Lepra Evaluation Project (LEP), an epidemiological study of leprosy in Northern Malaŵi. I. Methods.
Leprosy review 1987;58(4):359-75.
1987: J A Clarkson; Paul E M Fine
An assessment of methods for routine local monitoring of vaccine efficacy, with particular reference to measles and pertussis.
Epidemiology and infection 1987;99(2):485-99.
1987: JM Ponnighaus; Paul E M Fine; L Bliss
Certainty levels in the diagnosis of leprosy.
International journal of leprosy and other mycobacterial diseases : official organ of the International Leprosy Association 1987;55(3):454-62.
1987: Paul E M Fine; J A Clarkson
Reflections on the efficacy of pertussis vaccines.
Reviews of infectious diseases 1987;9(5):866-83.
1986: Paul E M Fine; JM Ponnighaus; N Maine; J A Clarkson; L Bliss
Protective efficacy of BCG against leprosy in Northern Malawi.
Lancet 1986;2(8505):499-502.