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Amy Arnsten

Research Profile

Anatomy

Prefrontal Cortex

Chemicals & Drugs

Living Beings

Physiology

Disorders

Attention Deficit Disorders with Hyperactivity

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TOP 3
Min Wang; Xiao-Jing Wang; Yang Yang; Nao J Gamo; Lu E Jin; James A Mazer; John H Morrison; Ching-Jung Wang; Amy F T Arnsten
NMDA receptors subserve persistent neuronal firing during working memory in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Amy F T Arnsten; Min J Wang; Constantinos D Paspalas
Neuromodulation of thought: flexibilities and vulnerabilities in prefrontal cortical network synapses.
Amy F T Arnsten; Katya Rubia
Neurobiological circuits regulating attention, cognitive control, motivation, and emotion: disruptions in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders.

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All Publications

2013: Min Wang; Xiao-Jing Wang; Yang Yang; Nao J Gamo; Lu E Jin; James A Mazer; John H Morrison; Ching-Jung Wang; Amy F T Arnsten
NMDA receptors subserve persistent neuronal firing during working memory in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Neuron 2013;77(4):736-49.
2012: Amy F T Arnsten; Min J Wang; Constantinos D Paspalas
Neuromodulation of thought: flexibilities and vulnerabilities in prefrontal cortical network synapses.
Neuron 2012;76(1):223-39.
2012: Amy F T Arnsten; Katya Rubia
Neurobiological circuits regulating attention, cognitive control, motivation, and emotion: disruptions in neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2012;51(4):356-67.
2012: Marcelo S Caetano; Linda Harenberg; Nicole K Horst; Amy F T Arnsten; Benjamine Liu; Mark Laubach
Lost in transition: aging-related changes in executive control by the medial prefrontal cortex.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2012;32(11):3765-77.
2012: Amy F T Arnsten; Lu E Jin
Guanfacine for the treatment of cognitive disorders: a century of discoveries at Yale.
The Yale journal of biology and medicine 2012;85(1):45-58.
2012: Marcelo S Caetano; Linda Harenberg; Lu E Jin; Amy F T Arnsten; Kimberly L Stachenfeld; Mark Laubach
Noradrenergic control of error perseveration in medial prefrontal cortex.
Frontiers in integrative neuroscience 2012;6():125.
2011: Min Wang; Xiao-Jing Wang; Yang Yang; Nao J Gamo; Lu E Jin; Mark Laubach; Daeyeol Lee; James A Mazer; Amy F T Arnsten
Neuronal basis of age-related working memory decline.
Nature 2011;476(7359):210-3.
2011: Amy F T Arnsten; Steven R Pliszka
Catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical function: relevance to treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 2011;99(2):211-6.
2011: Amy F T Arnsten; B J Casey
Prefrontal cortical organization and function: implications for externalizing disorders.
Biological psychiatry 2011;69(12):1131-2.
2011: Amy F T Arnsten
Catecholamine influences on dorsolateral prefrontal cortical networks.
Biological psychiatry 2011;69(12):e89-99.
2011: Nao J Gamo; Amy F T Arnsten
Molecular modulation of prefrontal cortex: rational development of treatments for psychiatric disorders.
Behavioral neuroscience 2011;125(3):282-96.
2011: Amy F T Arnsten
Prefrontal cortical network connections: key site of vulnerability in stress and schizophrenia.
International journal of developmental neuroscience : the official journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience 2011;29(3):215-23.
2010: Amy F T Arnsten
The use of α-2A adrenergic agonists for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Expert review of neurotherapeutics 2010;10(10):1595-605.
2010: Nao J Gamo; Min Wang; Amy F T Arnsten
Methylphenidate and atomoxetine enhance prefrontal function through α2-adrenergic and dopamine D1 receptors.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2010;49(10):1011-23.
2010: Amy F T Arnsten; Constantinos D Paspalas; Nao J Gamo; Yang Yang; Min Wang
Dynamic Network Connectivity: A new form of neuroplasticity.
Trends in cognitive sciences 2010;14(8):365-75.
2009: Avis Brennan Hains; Mai Anh T Vu; Paul K Maciejewski; Christopher H van Dyck; Melissa Gottron; Amy F T Arnsten
Inhibition of protein kinase C signaling protects prefrontal cortex dendritic spines and cognition from the effects of chronic stress.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2009;106(42):17957-62.
2009: Constantinos D Paspalas; Lynn D Selemon; Amy F T Arnsten
Mapping the regulator of G protein signaling 4 (RGS4): presynaptic and postsynaptic substrates for neuroregulation in prefrontal cortex.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 2009;19(9):2145-55.
2009: Amy F T Arnsten
Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function.
Nature reviews. Neuroscience 2009;10(6):410-22.
2009: Avis R Brennan; Peixiong Yuan; Dara L Dickstein; Anne B Rocher; Patrick R Hof; Husseini Manji; Amy F T Arnsten
Protein kinase C activity is associated with prefrontal cortical decline in aging.
Neurobiology of aging 2009;30(5):782-92.
2009: Arthur A Simen; Ralph DiLeone; Amy F T Arnsten
Primate models of schizophrenia: future possibilities.
Progress in brain research 2009;179():117-25.
2009: Amy F T Arnsten
Toward a new understanding of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder pathophysiology: an important role for prefrontal cortex dysfunction.
CNS drugs 2009;23 Suppl 1():33-41.
2009: Amy F T Arnsten
Ameliorating prefrontal cortical dysfunction in mental illness: inhibition of phosphotidyl inositol-protein kinase C signaling.
Psychopharmacology 2009;202(1-3):445-55.
2008: Stephane Budel; Thihan Padukkavidana; Betty P Liu; Zeny Feng; Fenghua Hu; Sam Johnson; Juha Lauren; James H Park; Aaron W McGee; Ji Liao; Althea Stillman; Ji-Eun Kim; Bao-Zhu Yang; Stefano Sodi; Joel Gelernter; Hongyu Zhao; Fuki M Hisama; Amy F T Arnsten; Stephen M Strittmatter
Genetic variants of Nogo-66 receptor with possible association to schizophrenia block myelin inhibition of axon growth.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2008;28(49):13161-72.
2008: Avis B Hains; Amy F T Arnsten
Molecular mechanisms of stress-induced prefrontal cortical impairment: implications for mental illness.
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2008;15(8):551-64.
2008: Christopher H van Dyck; RA Avery; Martha G MacAvoy; Kenneth Marek; Donald M Quinlan; Ronald M Baldwin; John P Seibyl; Robert B Innis; Amy F T Arnsten
Striatal dopamine transporters correlate with simple reaction time in elderly subjects.
Neurobiology of aging 2008;29(8):1237-46.
2008: Brian P Ramos; Lesley Colgan; Eric Nou; Amy F T Arnsten
Beta2 adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol, enhances working memory performance in aging animals.
Neurobiology of aging 2008;29(7):1060-9.
2008: Avis R Brennan; Beth Dolinsky; Mai-Anh T Vu; Marion Stanley; Mark F Yeckel; Amy F T Arnsten
Blockade of IP3-mediated SK channel signaling in the rat medial prefrontal cortex improves spatial working memory.
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2008;15(3):93-6.
2008: Avis R Brennan; Amy F T Arnsten
Neuronal mechanisms underlying attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the influence of arousal on prefrontal cortical function.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008;1129():236-45.
2007: Amy F T Arnsten
Catecholamine and second messenger influences on prefrontal cortical networks of "representational knowledge": a rational bridge between genetics and the symptoms of mental illness.
Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) 2007;17 Suppl 1():i6-15.
2007: Min Wang; Brian P Ramos; Constantinos D Paspalas; Yousheng Shu; Arthur A Simen; Alvaro Duque; Susheel Vijayraghavan; Avis Brennan; Anne Dudley; Eric Nou; James A Mazer; David A McCormick; Amy F T Arnsten
Alpha2A-adrenoceptors strengthen working memory networks by inhibiting cAMP-HCN channel signaling in prefrontal cortex.
Cell 2007;129(2):397-410.
2007: Brian P Ramos; Amy F T Arnsten
Adrenergic pharmacology and cognition: focus on the prefrontal cortex.
Pharmacology & therapeutics 2007;113(3):523-36.
2007: Susheel Vijayraghavan; Min Wang; Shari G Birnbaum; Graham V Williams; Amy F T Arnsten
Inverted-U dopamine D1 receptor actions on prefrontal neurons engaged in working memory.
Nature neuroscience 2007;10(3):376-84.
2006: Craig W Berridge; David M Devilbiss; Matthew E Andrzejewski; Amy F T Arnsten; Ann E Kelley; Brooke Schmeichel; Christina Hamilton; Robert C Spencer
Methylphenidate preferentially increases catecholamine neurotransmission within the prefrontal cortex at low doses that enhance cognitive function.
Biological psychiatry 2006;60(10):1111-20.
2006: Brian P Ramos; David Stark; Luis Verduzco; Christopher H van Dyck; Amy F T Arnsten
Alpha2A-adrenoceptor stimulation improves prefrontal cortical regulation of behavior through inhibition of cAMP signaling in aging animals.
Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) 2006;13(6):770-6.
2006: Amy F T Arnsten
Stimulants: Therapeutic actions in ADHD.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2006;31(11):2376-83.
2006: Amy F T Arnsten; Susheel Vijayraghavan
Staying in touch with methylphenidate: AHDH and sensory processing. Focus on "methylphenidate enhances noradrenergic transmission and suppresses mid- and long-latency sensory responses in the primary somatosensory cortex of awake rats".
Journal of neurophysiology 2006;96(2):524-5.
2006: Amy F T Arnsten
Fundamentals of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: circuits and pathways.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2006;67 Suppl 8():7-12.
2006: Rebecca M Shansky; Katya Rubinow; Avis Brennan; Amy F T Arnsten
The effects of sex and hormonal status on restraint-stress-induced working memory impairment.
Behavioral and brain functions : BBF 2006;2():8.
2006: Joseph Biederman; Amy F T Arnsten; Stephen Faraone; Alysa E Doyle; Thomas J Spencer; Timothy E Wilens; Margaret D Weiss; Steven A Safren; Larry Culpepper
New developments in the treatment of ADHD.
The Journal of clinical psychiatry 2006;67(1):148-59.
2005: Brian P Ramos; Lesley Colgan; Eric Nou; Shira Ovadia; Steven R Wilson; Amy F T Arnsten
The beta-1 adrenergic antagonist, betaxolol, improves working memory performance in rats and monkeys.
Biological psychiatry 2005;58(11):894-900.
2005: Amy F T Arnsten; Bao-Ming Li
Neurobiology of executive functions: catecholamine influences on prefrontal cortical functions.
Biological psychiatry 2005;57(11):1377-84.
2005: Amy F T Arnsten; Brian P Ramos; Shari G Birnbaum; Jane R Taylor
Protein kinase A as a therapeutic target for memory disorders: rationale and challenges.
Trends in molecular medicine 2005;11(3):121-8.
2005: Chao-Lin Ma; Amy F T Arnsten; Bao-Ming Li
Locomotor hyperactivity induced by blockade of prefrontal cortical alpha2-adrenoceptors in monkeys.
Biological psychiatry 2005;57(2):192-5.
2004: Shari G Birnbaum; PX Yuan; Min Wang; Susheel Vijayraghavan; A K Bloom; D J Davis; K T Gobeske; J D Sweatt; Husseini K Manji; Amy F T Arnsten
Protein kinase C overactivity impairs prefrontal cortical regulation of working memory.
Science (New York, N.Y.) 2004;306(5697):882-4.
2004: Amy F T Arnsten; Rebecca M Shansky
Adolescence: vulnerable period for stress-induced prefrontal cortical function? Introduction to part IV.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2004;1021():143-7.
2004: Amy F T Arnsten
Adrenergic targets for the treatment of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia.
Psychopharmacology 2004;174(1):25-31.
2004: Rebecca M Shansky; C Glavis-Bloom; D Lerman; Paulette McRae; C Benson; K Miller; L Cosand; Tamas L Horvath; Amy F T Arnsten
Estrogen mediates sex differences in stress-induced prefrontal cortex dysfunction.
Molecular psychiatry 2004;9(5):531-8.
2003: Brian P Ramos; Shari G Birnbaum; Isabelle Lindenmayer; Samuel S Newton; Ronald S Duman; Amy F T Arnsten
Dysregulation of protein kinase a signaling in the aged prefrontal cortex: new strategy for treating age-related cognitive decline.
Neuron 2003;40(4):835-45.
2003: Michael S Lidow; Phil-Ok Koh; Amy F T Arnsten
D1 dopamine receptors in the mouse prefrontal cortex: Immunocytochemical and cognitive neuropharmacological analyses.
Synapse (New York, N.Y.) 2003;47(2):101-8.
2002: Jenna S Franowicz; Lynn E Kessler; Catherine M Dailey Borja; Brian K Kobilka; Lee E Limbird; Amy F T Arnsten
Mutation of the alpha2A-adrenoceptor impairs working memory performance and annuls cognitive enhancement by guanfacine.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 2002;22(19):8771-7.
2002: Jenna S Franowicz; Amy F T Arnsten
Actions of alpha-2 noradrenergic agonists on spatial working memory and blood pressure in rhesus monkeys appear to be mediated by the same receptor subtype.
Psychopharmacology 2002;162(3):304-12.
2000: Shari G Birnbaum; D M Podell; Amy F T Arnsten
Noradrenergic alpha-2 receptor agonists reverse working memory deficits induced by the anxiogenic drug, FG7142, in rats.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 2000;67(3):397-403.
2000: Amy F T Arnsten; B Murphy; K Merchant
The selective dopamine D4 receptor antagonist, PNU-101387G, prevents stress-induced cognitive deficits in monkeys.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;23(4):405-10.
2000: Amy F T Arnsten
Genetics of childhood disorders: XVIII. ADHD, Part. 2: Norepinephrine has a critical modulatory influence on prefrontal cortical function.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2000;39(9):1201-3.
2000: RA Avery; Jenna S Franowicz; Colin Studholme; Christopher H van Dyck; Amy F T Arnsten
The alpha-2A-adrenoceptor agonist, guanfacine, increases regional cerebral blood flow in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of monkeys performing a spatial working memory task.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;23(3):240-9.
2000: James D Macy; T A Beattie; S E Morgenstern; Amy F T Arnsten
Use of guanfacine to control self-injurious behavior in two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and one baboon (Papio anubis).
Comparative medicine 2000;50(4):419-25.
2000: Amy F T Arnsten
Stress impairs prefrontal cortical function in rats and monkeys: role of dopamine D1 and norepinephrine alpha-1 receptor mechanisms.
Progress in brain research 2000;126():183-92.
2000: Amy F T Arnsten
Through the looking glass: differential noradenergic modulation of prefrontal cortical function.
Neural plasticity 2000;7(1-2):133-46.
1999: Shari G Birnbaum; K T Gobeske; Joshua Auerbach; Jane R Taylor; Amy F T Arnsten
A role for norepinephrine in stress-induced cognitive deficits: alpha-1-adrenoceptor mediation in the prefrontal cortex.
Biological psychiatry 1999;46(9):1266-74.
1999: ZM Mao; Amy F T Arnsten; Bao-Ming Li
Local infusion of an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist into the prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance in monkeys.
Biological psychiatry 1999;46(9):1259-65.
1999: Steven M Southwick; J Douglas Bremner; Ann M Rasmusson; Charles A Morgan; Amy F T Arnsten; Dennis S Charney
Role of norepinephrine in the pathophysiology and treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder.
Biological psychiatry 1999;46(9):1192-204.
1999: Jenna S Franowicz; Amy F T Arnsten
Treatment with the noradrenergic alpha-2 agonist clonidine, but not diazepam, improves spatial working memory in normal young rhesus monkeys.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1999;21(5):611-21.
1999: Jane R Taylor; Shari G Birnbaum; R Ubriani; Amy F T Arnsten
Activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in prefrontal cortex impairs working memory performance.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1999;19(18):RC23.
1999: Amy F T Arnsten
Development of the cerebral cortex: XIV. Stress impairs prefrontal cortical function.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1999;38(2):220-2.
1999: ZM Mao; Bao-Ming Li; Amy F T Arnsten
[Roles of alpha-2 adrenoceptor in prefrontal cortical cognitive functions].
Sheng li ke xue jin zhan [Progress in physiology] 1999;30(1):17-22.
1999: Amy F T Arnsten; R Mathew; R Ubriani; J R Taylor; Bao-Ming Li
Alpha-1 noradrenergic receptor stimulation impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function.
Biological psychiatry 1999;45(1):26-31.
1998: Amy F T Arnsten
Catecholamine modulation of prefrontal cortical cognitive function.
Trends in cognitive sciences 1998;2(11):436-47.
1998: Amy F T Arnsten
The biology of being frazzled.
Science (New York, N.Y.) 1998;280(5370):1711-2.
1998: Amy F T Arnsten; P S Goldman-Rakic
Noise stress impairs prefrontal cortical cognitive function in monkeys: evidence for a hyperdopaminergic mechanism.
Archives of general psychiatry 1998;55(4):362-8.
1998: Jenna S Franowicz; Amy F T Arnsten
The alpha-2a noradrenergic agonist, guanfacine, improves delayed response performance in young adult rhesus monkeys.
Psychopharmacology 1998;136(1):8-14.
1998: Amy F T Arnsten; J C Steere; D J Jentsch; Bao-Ming Li
Noradrenergic influences on prefrontal cortical cognitive function: opposing actions at postjunctional alpha 1 versus alpha 2-adrenergic receptors.
Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) 1998;42():764-7.
1997: J Zahrt; J R Taylor; R G Mathew; Amy F T Arnsten
Supranormal stimulation of D1 dopamine receptors in the rodent prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1997;17(21):8528-35.
1997: J C Steere; Amy F T Arnsten
The alpha-2A noradrenergic receptor agonist guanfacine improves visual object discrimination reversal performance in aged rhesus monkeys.
Behavioral neuroscience 1997;111(5):883-91.
1997: J X Cai; Amy F T Arnsten
Dose-dependent effects of the dopamine D1 receptor agonists A77636 or SKF81297 on spatial working memory in aged monkeys.
The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics 1997;283(1):183-9.
1997: Amy F T Arnsten; J D Jentsch
The alpha-1 adrenergic agonist, cirazoline, impairs spatial working memory performance in aged monkeys.
Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior 1997;58(1):55-9.
1997: Christopher H van Dyck; C H Lin; R Robinson; J Cellar; E O Smith; J C Nelson; Amy F T Arnsten; PB Hoffer
The acetylcholine releaser linopirdine increases parietal regional cerebral blood flow in Alzheimer's disease.
Psychopharmacology 1997;132(3):217-26.
1997: B L Murphy; Robert H Roth; Amy F T Arnsten
Clozapine reverses the spatial working memory deficits induced by FG7142 in monkeys.
Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology 1997;16(6):433-7.
1997: Amy F T Arnsten
Catecholamine regulation of the prefrontal cortex.
Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 1997;11(2):151-62.
1997: Amy F T Arnsten; C H Lin; Christopher H van Dyck; K J Stanhope
The effects of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on cognitive performance in aged monkeys.
Neurobiology of aging 1997;18(1):21-8.
1996: B L Murphy; Amy F T Arnsten; J D Jentsch; Robert H Roth
Dopamine and spatial working memory in rats and monkeys: pharmacological reversal of stress-induced impairment.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1996;16(23):7768-75.
1996: Amy F T Arnsten; J C Steere; R D Hunt
The contribution of alpha 2-noradrenergic mechanisms of prefrontal cortical cognitive function. Potential significance for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Archives of general psychiatry 1996;53(5):448-55.
1996: B L Murphy; Amy F T Arnsten; Patricia S Goldman-Rakic; Robert H Roth
Increased dopamine turnover in the prefrontal cortex impairs spatial working memory performance in rats and monkeys.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1996;93(3):1325-9.
1995: PB Chappell; Mark A Riddle; Lawrence Scahill; K A Lynch; Robert T Schultz; Amy F T Arnsten; James F Leckman; D J Cohen
Guanfacine treatment of comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and Tourette's syndrome: preliminary clinical experience.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1995;34(9):1140-6.
1995: J C Steere; Amy F T Arnsten
Corpus callosum morphology in ADHD.
The American journal of psychiatry 1995;152(7):1105-6.
1995: Amy F T Arnsten; J X Cai; J C Steere; Patricia S Goldman-Rakic
Dopamine D2 receptor mechanisms contribute to age-related cognitive decline: the effects of quinpirole on memory and motor performance in monkeys.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1995;15(5 Pt 1):3429-39.
1995: R D Hunt; Amy F T Arnsten; M D Asbell
An open trial of guanfacine in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1995;34(1):50-4.
1994: Amy F T Arnsten; J X Cai; B L Murphy; Patricia S Goldman-Rakic
Dopamine D1 receptor mechanisms in the cognitive performance of young adult and aged monkeys.
Psychopharmacology 1994;116(2):143-51.
1993: Amy F T Arnsten
Catecholamine mechanisms in age-related cognitive decline.
Neurobiology of aging 1993;14(6):639-41.
1993: Amy F T Arnsten; J X Cai
Postsynaptic alpha-2 receptor stimulation improves memory in aged monkeys: indirect effects of yohimbine versus direct effects of clonidine.
Neurobiology of aging 1993;14(6):597-603.
1992: Amy F T Arnsten; T A Contant
Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists decrease distractibility in aged monkeys performing the delayed response task.
Psychopharmacology 1992;108(1-2):159-69.
1991: Amy F T Arnsten; F M Leslie
Behavioral and receptor binding analysis of the alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, 5-bromo-6 [2-imidazoline-2-yl amino] quinoxaline (UK-14304): evidence for cognitive enhancement at an alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtype.
Neuropharmacology 1991;30(12A):1279-89.
1990: Amy F T Arnsten; P S Goldman-Rakic
Analysis of alpha-2 adrenergic agonist effects on the delayed nonmatch-to-sample performance of aged rhesus monkeys.
Neurobiology of aging 1990;11(6):583-90.
1988: Amy F T Arnsten; J X Cai; Patricia S Goldman-Rakic
The alpha-2 adrenergic agonist guanfacine improves memory in aged monkeys without sedative or hypotensive side effects: evidence for alpha-2 receptor subtypes.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience 1988;8(11):4287-98.
1987: Amy F T Arnsten; Patricia S Goldman-Rakic
Noradrenergic mechanisms in age-related cognitive decline.
Journal of neural transmission. Supplementum 1987;24():317-24.