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Paul Layer

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Paul G Layer; Anika Salfelder; Laura E Sperling; Gopenath Thangaraj; Corina Tuschl; Janine Klaczinski; Astrid Vogel-Höpker
Cholinesterases in development: AChE as a firewall to inhibit cell proliferation and support differentiation.
Gopenath Thangaraj; Gesine Bachmann; Alexander Greif; Paul G Layer
Intricate paths of cells and networks becoming "Cholinergic" in the embryonic chicken retina.
Astrid Vogel-Hopker; Laura E Sperling; Paul G Layer
Co-opting functions of cholinesterases in neural, limb and stem cell development.

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All Publications

2013: Paul G Layer; Anika Salfelder; Laura E Sperling; Gopenath Thangaraj; Corina Tuschl; Janine Klaczinski; Astrid Vogel-Höpker
Cholinesterases in development: AChE as a firewall to inhibit cell proliferation and support differentiation.
Chemico-biological interactions 2013;203(1):269-76.
2012: Gopenath Thangaraj; Gesine Bachmann; Alexander Greif; Paul G Layer
Intricate paths of cells and networks becoming "Cholinergic" in the embryonic chicken retina.
The Journal of comparative neurology 2012;520(14):3181-93.
2012: Astrid Vogel-Hopker; Laura E Sperling; Paul G Layer
Co-opting functions of cholinesterases in neural, limb and stem cell development.
Protein and peptide letters 2012;19(2):155-64.
2012: Laura E Sperling; Janine Klaczinski; Lydia Rudolph; Corina Schütz; Paul G Layer
Mouse acetylcholinesterase enhances neurite outgrowth of rat R28 cells through interaction with laminin-1.
PloS one 2012;7(5):e36683.
2011: Gopenath Thangaraj; Alexander Greif; Paul G Layer
Simple explant culture of the embryonic chicken retina with long-term preservation of photoreceptors.
Experimental eye research 2011;93(4):556-64.
2011: Andreas W Daus; Michael Goldhammer; Paul G Layer; Christiane Thielemann
Electromagnetic exposure of scaffold-free three-dimensional cell culture systems.
Bioelectromagnetics 2011;32(5):351-9.
2011: Ebru Bodur; Paul G Layer
Counter-regulation of cholinesterases: differential activation of PKC and ERK signaling in retinal cells through BChE knockdown.
Biochimie 2011;93(3):469-76.
2010: Dominic Landgraf; Mareike Barth; Paul G Layer; Laura E Sperling
Acetylcholine as a possible signaling molecule in embryonic stem cells: studies on survival, proliferation and death.
Chemico-biological interactions 2010;187(1-3):115-9.
2009: Florian Frohns; Magnus Mager; Paul G Layer
Basic fibroblast growth factor increases the precursor pool of photoreceptors, but inhibits their differentiation and apoptosis in chicken retinal reaggregates.
The European journal of neuroscience 2009;29(10):1931-42.
2008: Matthias Rieke; Eric Gottwald; Karl-Friedrich Weibezahn; Paul G Layer
Tissue reconstruction in 3D-spheroids from rodent retina in a motion-free, bioreactor-based microstructure.
Lab on a chip 2008;8(12):2206-13.
2008: L E Sperling; G Steinert; J Boutter; D Landgraf; J Hescheler; D Pollet; Paul G Layer
Characterisation of cholinesterase expression during murine embryonic stem cell differentiation.
Chemico-biological interactions 2008;175(1-3):156-60.
2008: Laura E Paraoanu; Paul G Layer
Acetylcholinesterase in cell adhesion, neurite growth and network formation.
The FEBS journal 2008;275(4):618-24.
2007: Katja Volpert; Andrée Rothermel; Paul G Layer
GDNF stimulates rod photoreceptors and dopaminergic amacrine cells in chicken retinal reaggregates.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2007;48(11):5306-14.
2007: Afrim H Bytyqi; Gesine Bachmann; Matthias Rieke; Laura E Paraoanu; Paul G Layer
Cell-by-cell reconstruction in reaggregates from neonatal gerbil retina begins from the inner retina and is promoted by retinal pigmented epithelium.
The European journal of neuroscience 2007;26(6):1560-74.
2007: Laura E Paraoanu; Gunnar Steinert; Alexander Koehler; Ignaz Wessler; Paul G Layer
Expression and possible functions of the cholinergic system in a murine embryonic stem cell line.
Life sciences 2007;80(24-25):2375-9.
2007: Rathnam Boopathy; Ramanna Valmiki Rajesh; Sultan Darvesh; Paul G Layer
Human serum cholinesterase from liver pathological samples exhibit highly elevated aryl acylamidase activity.
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry 2007;380(1-2):151-6.
2006: Indumathi Manoharan; Stacy Wieseler; Paul G Layer; Oksana Lockridge; Rathnam Boopathy
Naturally occurring mutation Leu307Pro of human butyrylcholinesterase in the Vysya community of India.
Pharmacogenetics and genomics 2006;16(7):461-8.
2006: Andrée Rothermel; Katja Volpert; Mirjam Burghardt; Christina Lantzsch; Andrea A Robitzki; Paul G Layer
Knock-down of GFRalpha4 expression by RNA interference affects the development of retinal cell types in three-dimensional histiotypic retinal spheres.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2006;47(6):2716-25.
2006: Laura E Paraoanu; Michaela Becker-Roeck; Elmar Christ; Paul G Layer
Expression patterns of neurexin-1 and neuroligins in brain and retina of the chick embryo: Neuroligin-3 is absent in retina.
Neuroscience letters 2006;395(2):114-7.
2006: Laura E Paraoanu; Gunnar Steinert; Janine Klaczinski; Michaela Becker-Röck; Afrim H Bytyqi; Paul G Layer
On functions of cholinesterases during embryonic development.
Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN 2006;30(1-2):201-4.
2006: Laura E Paraoanu; J B Mocko; M Becker-Roeck; J Smidek-Huhn; Paul G Layer
Exposure to diazinon alters in vitro retinogenesis: retinospheroid morphology, development of chicken retinal cell types, and gene expression.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology 2006;89(1):314-24.
2005: Laura E Paraoanu; Paul G Layer
Mouse AChE binds in vivo to domain IV of laminin-1beta.
Chemico-biological interactions 2005;157-158():411-3.
2005: Karla V Allebrandt; Valmiki Rajesh; Paul G Layer
Expression of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and aryl acylamidase (AAA) during early zebrafish embryogenesis.
Chemico-biological interactions 2005;157-158():353-5.
2005: Paul G Layer; Karla V Allebrandt; P Andermann; E Bodur; Rathnam Boopathy; Afrim H Bytyqi; Laura E Paraoanu
On the multifunctionality of cholinesterases.
Chemico-biological interactions 2005;157-158():37-41.
2005: Andrée Rothermel; Thomas Biedermann; Winnie Weigel; Randy Kurz; Markus Rüffer; Paul G Layer; Andrea A Robitzki
Artificial design of three-dimensional retina-like tissue from dissociated cells of the mammalian retina by rotation-mediated cell aggregation.
Tissue engineering 2005;11(11-12):1749-56.
2005: Afrim H Bytyqi; Paul G Layer
Lamina formation in the Mongolian gerbil retina (Meriones unguiculatus).
Anatomy and embryology 2005;209(3):217-25.
2005: Vanessa Jacob; Andrée Rothermel; Peter Wolf; Paul G Layer
Rhodopsin, violet and blue opsin expressions in the chick are highly dependent on tissue and serum conditions.
Cells, tissues, organs 2005;180(3):159-68.
2005: Laura E Paraoanu; B Weiss; Andrea A Robitzki; Paul G Layer
Cytochrome-c oxidase is one of several genes elevated in marginal retina of the chick embryo.
Neuroscience 2005;132(3):665-72.
2004: Afrim H Bytyqi; Oksana Lockridge; Ellen Duysen; Yuxia Wang; Uwe Wolfrum; Paul G Layer
Impaired formation of the inner retina in an AChE knockout mouse results in degeneration of all photoreceptors.
The European journal of neuroscience 2004;20(11):2953-62.
2004: Laura E Paraoanu; Paul G Layer
Mouse acetylcholinesterase interacts in yeast with the extracellular matrix component laminin-1beta.
FEBS letters 2004;576(1-2):161-4.
2004: Vasili Dabouras; Andrée Rothermel; Alexandra Reininger-Mack; Sascha L Wien; Paul G Layer; Andrea A Robitzki
Exogenous application of glucose induces aging in rat cerebral oligodendrocytes as revealed by alteration in telomere length.
Neuroscience letters 2004;368(1):68-72.
2004: Rathnam Boopathy; Paul G Layer
Aryl acylamidase activity on acetylcholinesterase is high during early chicken brain development.
The protein journal 2004;23(5):325-33.
2004: Vera Seydewitz; Andrée Rothermel; Sabine Fuhrmann; Anikó Schneider; Willem J Degrip; Paul G Layer; Hans-Dieter Hofmann
Expression of CNTF receptor-alpha in chick violet-sensitive cones with unique morphologic properties.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2004;45(2):655-61.
2004: Andrée Rothermel; Katja Volpert; Ralf Schlichting; Jutta Huhn; Meike Stotz-Reimers; Andrea A Robitzki; Paul G Layer
Spatial and temporal expression patterns of GDNF family receptor alpha4 in the developing chicken retina.
Gene expression patterns : GEP 2004;4(1):59-63.
2003: Andrée Rothermel; Paul G Layer
GDNF regulates chicken rod photoreceptor development and survival in reaggregated histotypic retinal spheres.
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2003;44(5):2221-8.
2002: Paul G Layer; Andrea A Robitzki; Andrée Rothermel; Elmar Willbold
Of layers and spheres: the reaggregate approach in tissue engineering.
Trends in neurosciences 2002;25(3):131-4.
2002: Elmar Willbold; Jutta Huhn; Horst-Werner Korf; Pierre Voisin; Paul G Layer
Light-dark and circadian melatonin rhythms are established de novo in re-aggregates of the embryonic chicken retina.
Developmental neuroscience 2002;24(6):504-11.
2001: Markus Keller; Andrea A Robitzki; Paul G Layer
Heterologous expression of acetylcholinesterase affects proliferation and glial cytoskeleton of adherent chicken retinal cells.
Cell and tissue research 2001;306(2):187-98.
2001: Markus Keller; Andrea A Robitzki; Paul G Layer
Anticholinesterase treatment of chicken retinal cells increases acetylcholinesterase protein independently of protein kinase C.
Neuroscience letters 2001;309(1):21-4.
2001: Paul G Layer; Andrée Rothermel; Elmar Willbold
From stem cells towards neural layers: a lesson from re-aggregated embryonic retinal cells.
Neuroreport 2001;12(7):A39-46.
2001: Andrée Rothermel; Paul G Layer
Photoreceptor plasticity in reaggregates of embryonic chick retina: rods depend on proximal cones and on tissue organization.
The European journal of neuroscience 2001;13(5):949-58.
2001: Elmar Willbold; Andrée Rothermel; Jutta Huhn; S Stelck; Paul G Layer
Inhibition of alpha(1-6)-linked fucose decreases inner retinal cells and increases photoreceptors in chicken retinal reaggregates.
Developmental neuroscience 2001;23(6):464-72.
2001: Elmar Willbold; Andrée Rothermel; Jutta Huhn; M Reinicke; Paul G Layer
Cerebellar glia cells induce a correct laminar organization in chicken retinal reaggregates.
Cells, tissues, organs 2001;169(2):104-12.
2000: Andrea A Robitzki; F Döll; C Richter-Landsberg; Paul G Layer
Regulation of the rat oligodendroglia cell line OLN-93 by antisense transfection of butyrylcholinesterase.
Glia 2000;31(3):195-205.
2000: Elmar Willbold; Andrée Rothermel; S Tomlinson; Paul G Layer
Müller glia cells reorganize reaggregating chicken retinal cells into correctly laminated in vitro retinae.
Glia 2000;29(1):45-57.
1999: S Stelck; Andrea A Robitzki; Elmar Willbold; Paul G Layer
Fucose in alpha(1-6)-linkage regulates proliferation and histogenesis in reaggregated retinal spheroids of the chick embryo.
Glycobiology 1999;9(11):1171-9.
1999: E Weitnauer; C Ebert; Ferdinand Hucho; Andrea A Robitzki; Christoph Weise; Paul G Layer
Butyrylcholinesterase is complexed with transferrin in chicken serum.
Journal of protein chemistry 1999;18(2):205-14.
1998: E Weitnauer; Andrea A Robitzki; Paul G Layer
Aryl acylamidase activity exhibited by butyrylcholinesterase is higher in chick than in horse, but much lower than in fetal calf serum.
Neuroscience letters 1998;254(3):153-6.
1998: Andrea A Robitzki; A Mack; U Hoppe; A Chatonnet; Paul G Layer
Butyrylcholinesterase antisense transfection increases apoptosis in differentiating retinal reaggregates of the chick embryo.
Journal of neurochemistry 1998;71(4):p413-20.
1998: Paul G Layer; Andrée Rothermel; Elmar Willbold
Inductive effects of the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) on histogenesis of the avian retina as revealed by retinospheroid technology.
Seminars in cell & developmental biology 1998;9(3):257-62.
1998: Elmar Willbold; Paul G Layer
Müller glia cells and their possible roles during retina differentiation in vivo and in vitro.
Histology and histopathology 1998;13(2):531-52.
1997: Andrea A Robitzki; A Mack; U Hoppe; A Chatonnet; Paul G Layer
Regulation of cholinesterase gene expression affects neuronal differentiation as revealed by transfection studies on reaggregating embryonic chicken retinal cells.
The European journal of neuroscience 1997;9(11):2394-405.
1997: Andrée Rothermel; Elmar Willbold; Willem J Degrip; Paul G Layer
Pigmented epithelium induces complete retinal reconstitution from dispersed embryonic chick retinae in reaggregation culture.
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society 1997;264(1386):1293-302.
1997: Paul G Layer; Andrée Rothermel; H Hering; B Wolf; Willem J Degrip; D Hicks; Elmar Willbold
Pigmented epithelium sustains cell proliferation and decreases expression of opsins and acetylcholinesterase in reaggregated chicken retinospheroids.
The European journal of neuroscience 1997;9(9):1795-803.
1997: Andrea A Robitzki; A Mack; A Chatonnet; Paul G Layer
Transfection of reaggregating embryonic chicken retinal cells with an antisense 5'-DNA butyrylcholinesterase expression vector inhibits proliferation and alters morphogenesis.
Journal of neurochemistry 1997;69(2):823-33.
1997: Paul G Layer; J Berger; N Kinkl
Cholinesterases precede "ON-OFF" channel dichotomy in the embryonic chick retina before onset of synaptogenesis.
Cell and tissue research 1997;288(3):407-16.
1997: Y Reiss; Paul G Layer; S Kröger
Butyrylcholinesterase-positive cells of the developing chicken retina that are non-cholinergic and GABA-positive.
Brain research. Developmental brain research 1997;100(1):62-72.
1996: Elmar Willbold; P Mansky; Paul G Layer
Lateral and radial growth uncoupled in reaggregated retinospheroids of embryonic avian retina.
The International journal of developmental biology 1996;40(6):1151-9.
1996: Y Reiss; Stephan Kröger; J Grassi; K W Tsim; Elmar Willbold; Paul G Layer
Extracellular and asymmetric forms of acetylcholinesterase are expressed on cholinergic and noncholinergic terminal neuropil of the developing chick retina.
Cell and tissue research 1996;286(1):13-22.
1996: B Weiss; D Del Turco; Paul G Layer
Proliferating and differentiating Schwann cell cultures from embryonic chick sciatic nerve maintained for months in vitro without antimitotics or growth factors.
European journal of cell biology 1996;70(2):106-16.
1996: Paul G Layer
Non-classical actions of cholinesterases: role in cellular differentiation, tumorigenesis and Alzheimer's disease.
Neurochemistry international 1996;28(5-6):491-5.
1995: Elmar Willbold; M Reinicke; C Lance-Jones; Carl F Lagenaur; Vance Lemmon; Paul G Layer
Müller glia stabilizes cell columns during retinal development: lateral cell migration but not neuropil growth is inhibited in mixed chick-quail retinospheroids.
The European journal of neuroscience 1995;7(11):2277-84.
1995: Paul G Layer
Nonclassical roles of cholinesterases in the embryonic brain and possible links to Alzheimer disease.
Alzheimer disease and associated disorders 1995;9 Suppl 2():29-36.
1995: Paul G Layer; Elmar Willbold
Novel functions of cholinesterases in development, physiology and disease.
Progress in histochemistry and cytochemistry 1995;29(3):1-94.
1994: R Alber; Olaf Sporns; T Weikert; Elmar Willbold; Paul G Layer
Cholinesterases and peanut agglutinin binding related to cell proliferation and axonal growth in embryonic chick limbs.
Anatomy and embryology 1994;190(5):429-38.
1994: T Weikert; Paul G Layer
The carbohydrate epitope HNK-1 is present on all inactive, but not on all active forms of chicken butyrylcholinesterase.
Neuroscience letters 1994;176(1):9-12.
1994: T Weikert; C Ebert; I Rasched; Paul G Layer
Novel inactive and distinctively glycosylated forms of butyrylcholinesterase from chicken serum.
Journal of neurochemistry 1994;63(1):318-25.
1994: Elmar Willbold; Paul G Layer
Butyrylcholinesterase regulates laminar retinogenesis of the chick embryo in vitro.
European journal of cell biology 1994;64(1):192-9.
1994: T Weikert; Fritz G Rathjen; Paul G Layer
Use of ELISA to G4 antigen to quantitate neurite outgrowth in the chick both in vivo and in vitro.
Journal of neurochemistry 1994;62(4):1570-7.
1994: Paul G Layer; Elmar Willbold
Cholinesterases in avian neurogenesis.
International review of cytology 1994;151():139-81.
1993: Paul G Layer; T Weikert; R Alber
Cholinesterases regulate neurite growth of chick nerve cells in vitro by means of a non-enzymatic mechanism.
Cell and tissue research 1993;273(2):219-26.
1993: Paul G Layer; Elmar Willbold
Histogenesis of the avian retina in reaggregation culture: from dissociated cells to laminar neuronal networks.
International review of cytology 1993;146():1-47.
1992: Paul G Layer; T Weikert; Elmar Willbold
Chicken retinospheroids as developmental and pharmacological in vitro models: acetylcholinesterase is regulated by its own and by butyrylcholinesterase activity.
Cell and tissue research 1992;268(3):409-18.
1992: Elmar Willbold; Paul G Layer
Formation of neuroblastic layers in chicken retinospheroids: the fibre layer of Chievitz secludes AChE-positive cells from mitotic cells.
Cell and tissue research 1992;268(3):401-8.
1992: S Treskatis; C Ebert; Paul G Layer
Butyrylcholinesterase from chicken brain is smaller than that from serum: its purification, glycosylation, and membrane association.
Journal of neurochemistry 1992;58(6):2236-47.
1991: Paul G Layer; S Kaulich
Cranial nerve growth in birds is preceded by cholinesterase expression during neural crest cell migration and the formation of an HNK-1 scaffold.
Cell and tissue research 1991;265(3):393-407.
1991: Hartwig Wolburg; Elmar Willbold; Paul G Layer
Müller glia endfeet, a basal lamina and the polarity of retinal layers form properly in vitro only in the presence of marginal pigmented epithelium.
Cell and tissue research 1991;264(3):437-51.
1991: Paul G Layer
Cholinesterases during development of the avian nervous system.
Cellular and molecular neurobiology 1991;11(1):7-33.
1990: Paul G Layer
Cholinesterases preceding major tracts in vertebrate neurogenesis.
BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology 1990;12(9):415-20.
1990: Paul G Layer; R Alber
Patterning of chick brain vesicles as revealed by peanut agglutinin and cholinesterases.
Development (Cambridge, England) 1990;109(3):613-24.
1990: T Weikert; Fritz G Rathjen; Paul G Layer
Developmental maps of acetylcholinesterase and G4-antigen of the early chicken brain: long-distance tracts originate from AChE-producing cell bodies.
Journal of neurobiology 1990;21(3):482-98.
1990: Paul G Layer; R Alber; P Mansky; G Vollmer; Elmar Willbold
Regeneration of a chimeric retina from single cells in vitro: cell-lineage-dependent formation of radial cell columns by segregated chick and quail cells.
Cell and tissue research 1990;259(2):187-98.
1990: Paul G Layer; J Makovitzky
The laminar development of the embryonic chicken retina in vitro as detected by "topo-optical reactions".
Acta histochemica. Supplementband 1990;40():127-31.
1990: Paul G Layer
Cholinesterases reveal early patterns of neurogenesis in the chick.
Acta histochemica. Supplementband 1990;38():145-50.
1989: Paul G Layer; Elmar Willbold
Embryonic chicken retinal cells can regenerate all cell layers in vitro, but ciliary pigmented cells induce their correct polarity.
Cell and tissue research 1989;258(2):233-42.
1988: Paul G Layer; S Rommel; Heinrich Bülthoff; R Hengstenberg
Independent spatial waves of biochemical differentiation along the surface of chicken brain as revealed by the sequential expression of acetylcholinesterase.
Cell and tissue research 1988;251(3):587-95.
1988: Paul G Layer; R Alber; Fritz G Rathjen
Sequential activation of butyrylcholinesterase in rostral half somites and acetylcholinesterase in motoneurones and myotomes preceding growth of motor axons.
Development (Cambridge, England) 1988;102(2):387-96.
1987: G Vollmer; Paul G Layer
Cholinesterases and cell proliferation in "nonstratified" and "stratified" cell aggregates from chicken retina and tectum.
Cell and tissue research 1987;250(3):481-7.
1987: Paul G Layer; R Alber; Olaf Sporns
Quantitative development and molecular forms of acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase during morphogenesis and synaptogenesis of chick brain and retina.
Journal of neurochemistry 1987;49(1):175-82.
1987: Paul G Layer; Olaf Sporns
Spatiotemporal relationship of embryonic cholinesterases with cell proliferation in chicken brain and eye.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1987;84(1):284-8.