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Robert Levine

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Judith B Gordon; Robert J Levine; Carolyn M Mazure; Philip E Rubin; Barry R Schaller; John L Young
Social contexts influence ethical considerations of research.
Robert J Levine; Judith B Gordon; Carolyn M Mazure; Philip E Rubin; Barry R Schaller; John L Young
Response to open peer commentaries on "Social contexts influence ethical considerations of research".
Robert J Levine
Federal funding and the regulation of embryonic stem cell research: the Pontius Pilate maneuver.

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All Publications

2011: Judith B Gordon; Robert J Levine; Carolyn M Mazure; Philip E Rubin; Barry R Schaller; John L Young
Social contexts influence ethical considerations of research.
The American journal of bioethics : AJOB 2011;11(5):24-30.
2011: Robert J Levine; Judith B Gordon; Carolyn M Mazure; Philip E Rubin; Barry R Schaller; John L Young
Response to open peer commentaries on "Social contexts influence ethical considerations of research".
The American journal of bioethics : AJOB 2011;11(5):W1-2.
2009: Robert J Levine
Federal funding and the regulation of embryonic stem cell research: the Pontius Pilate maneuver.
Yale journal of health policy, law, and ethics 2009;9 Suppl():552-64.
2008: Robert J Levine
Research involving adolescents as subjects : ethical considerations.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2008;1135():280-6.
2007: NORMAN FOST; Robert J Levine
The dysregulation of human subjects research.
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 2007;298(18):2196-8.
2007: Joanne Lynn; Mary Ann Baily; Melissa Bottrell; Bruce Jennings; Robert J Levine; Frank Davidoff; David Casarett; Janet Corrigan; Ellen Fox; Matthew K Wynia; George J Agich; Margaret O'Kane; Theodore Speroff; Paul Schyve; Paul B Batalden; Sean R. Tunis; Nancy Berlinger; Linda R Cronenwett; J Michael Fitzmaurice; Nancy Neveloff Dubler; Brent C James
The ethics of using quality improvement methods in health care.
Annals of internal medicine 2007;146(9):666-73.
2006: Robert J Levine
Empirical research to evaluate ethics committees' burdensome and perhaps unproductive policies and practices: a proposal.
Journal of empirical research on human research ethics : JERHRE 2006;1(3):1-4.
2005: Robert J Levine
Ethical issues in international vaccine research and development.
The Yale journal of biology and medicine 2005;78(5):231-7.
2005: Robert J Levine
Reflections on 'Rethinking research ethics'.
The American journal of bioethics : AJOB 2005;5(1):1-3; author reply W15-8.
2004: Robert J Levine
Ethical principles for the conduct of research involving human subjects: historical considerations.
The Journal of clinical ethics 2004;15(1):13-21.
2003: Robert J Levine; William T Carpenter; Paul S Appelbaum
Clarifying standards for using placebos.
Science (New York, N.Y.) 2003;300(5626):1659-61.
2003: Robert J Levine
Placebo controls in clinical trials of new therapies for osteoporosis.
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2003;18(6):1154-9.
2003: Baruch A Brody; Nancy Dickey; Susan S Ellenberg; Robert P Heaney; Robert J Levine; Richard L O'Brien; Ruth B Purtilo; Charles Weijer
Is the use of placebo controls ethically permissible in clinical trials of agents intended to reduce fractures in osteoporosis?
Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2003;18(6):1105-9.
2003: William T Carpenter; Paul S Appelbaum; Robert J Levine
The Declaration of Helsinki and clinical trials: a focus on placebo-controlled trials in schizophrenia.
The American journal of psychiatry 2003;160(2):356-62.
2002: Celia B Fisher; Kimberly Hoagwood; Cheryl Boyce; Troy Duster; Deborah A Frank; Thomas Grisso; Robert J Levine; Ruth Macklin; Margaret Beale Spencer; Ruby Takanishi; Joseph E Trimble; Luis H Zayas
Research ethics for mental health science involving ethnic minority children and youths.
The American psychologist 2002;57(12):1024-40.
2002: Tom L Beauchamp; Bruce Jennings; Eleanor D Kinney; Robert J Levine
Pharmaceutical research involving the homeless.
The Journal of medicine and philosophy 2002;27(5):547-64.
2002: Robert J Levine
International codes of research ethics: current controversies and the future.
Indiana law review 2002;35(2):557-67.
2001: Robert J Levine
Institutional review boards: a crisis in confidence.
Annals of internal medicine 2001;134(2):161-3.
2000: Robert J Levine; Louis Lasagna
Demystifying central review boards: current options and future directions.
IRB 2000;22(6):1-9.
2000: Robert J Levine
Some recent developments in the international guidelines on the ethics of research involving human subjects.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2000;918():170-8.
1999: Robert J Levine
The need to revise the Declaration of Helsinki.
The New England journal of medicine 1999;341(7):531-4.
1998: Robert J Levine
The "best proven therapeutic method" standard in clinical trials in technologically developing countries.
IRB 1998;20(1):5-9.
1998: Robert J Levine
The "best proven therapeutic method" standard in clinical trials in technologically developing countries.
AIDS & public policy journal 1998;13(1):30-5.
1998: Robert J Levine
The "best proven therapeutic method" standard in clinical trials in technologically developing countries.
The Journal of clinical ethics 1998;9(2):167-72.
1997: Robert J Levine; D K Dennison
Randomized clinical trials in periodontology: ethical considerations.
Annals of periodontology / the American Academy of Periodontology 1997;2(1):83-94.
1997: Robert J Levine
Some reflections on postgraduate medical ethics education.
Ethics & behavior 1997;7(1):15-26.
1996: Robert J Levine; J A Guisto; HW Meislin; Daniel W Spaite
Analysis of federally imposed penalties for violations of the Consolidated Omnibus Reconciliation Act.
Annals of emergency medicine 1996;28(1):45-50.
1996: Robert J Levine
Proposed regulations for research involving those institutionalized as mentally infirm: a consideration of their relevance in 1995.
Accountability in research 1996;4(3-4):177-86.
1995: Robert J Levine
Adolescents as research subjects without permission of their parents or guardians: ethical considerations.
The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine 1995;17(5):287-97.
1995: Amy Menasché; Robert J Levine
FDA revises informed consent regulations for emergency research.
IRB 1995;17(5-6):19-22.
1995: Robert J Levine
Research in emergency situations. The role of deferred consent.
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 1995;273(16):1300-2.
1994: Robert J Levine
The impact of HIV infection on society's perception of clinical trials.
Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal 1994;4(2):93-8.
1994: Robert J Levine
Monitoring for adherence: ethical considerations.
American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 1994;149(2 Pt 1):287-8.
1994: Joanne Lynn; J Johnson; Robert J Levine
The ethical conduct of health services research: a case study of 55 institutions' applications to the SUPPORT project.
Clinical research 1994;42(1):3-10.
1993: W Lawrence; K Antman; H P Freeman; S L Huber; D Kaufman; J Lantos; R E Lenhard; Robert J Levine; R J McKenna; F E Young
The impact of clinical trial protocols on patient care systems.
Cancer 1993;72(9 Suppl):2839-41.
1993: J Prestifilippo; K Antman; B J Berkman; D Kaufman; J Lantos; W Lawrence; Robert J Levine; R J McKenna
The ethical treatment of cancer. What is right for the patient?
Cancer 1993;72(9 Suppl):2816-9.
1993: Robert J Levine
Ethics of clinical trials. Do they help the patient?
Cancer 1993;72(9 Suppl):2805-10.
1993: Robert J Levine
New international ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Annals of internal medicine 1993;119(4):339-41.
1992: Robert J Levine
Clinical trials and physicians as double agents.
The Yale journal of biology and medicine 1992;65(2):65-74.
1992: Hindi T Mermelstein; George J Annas; Robert J Levine
Case vignette: premature surrender.
Ethics & behavior 1992;2(1):63-71.
1992: Robert J Levine
Situation ethics.
The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha 1992;55(4):33.
1991: Robert J Levine
Informed consent: some challenges to the universal validity of the Western model.
Law, medicine & health care : a publication of the American Society of Law & Medicine 1991;19(3-4):207-13.
1991: B M Dickens; Lawrence O Gostin; Robert J Levine
Research on human populations: national and international ethical guidelines.
Law, medicine & health care : a publication of the American Society of Law & Medicine 1991;19(3-4):157-61.
1991: Robert J Levine
Deferred consent.
Controlled clinical trials 1991;12(4):546-50; discussion 551-2.
1991: Carol Levine; Nancy Neveloff Dubler; Robert J Levine
Building a new consensus: ethical principles and policies for clinical research on HIV/AIDS.
IRB 1991;13(1-2):1-17.
1991: Richard M Royall; robert bartlett; Richard G Cornell; David P Byar; William D Dupont; Robert J Levine; Foster Lindley; R John Simes; Marvin Zelen
Ethics and statistics in randomized clinical trials.
Statistical science : a review journal of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics 1991;6(1):52-88.
1991: Robert J Levine
Medicalization of psychoactive substance use and the doctor-patient relationship.
The Milbank quarterly 1991;69(4):623-40.
1990: P L Frommer; J Ross; J A Benson; William F Friedman; G C Friesinger; S Goldstein; E J Huth; Robert J Levine; T E Malone; J A Quash
Ethics in cardiovascular medicine. Task Force IV: Scientific responsibility and integrity in medical research.
Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1990;16(1):24-9.
1990: Robert J Levine
Mechanical circulatory support systems: ethical considerations.
Transplantation proceedings 1990;22(3):969-70.
1990: Robert J Levine
A novelist's view of scientific fraud.
Law, medicine & health care : a publication of the American Society of Law & Medicine 1990;18(4):422-3.
1989: Robert J Levine
Essay. Fetal research: the underlying issue.
Scientific American 1989;261(2):112.
1989: Robert J Levine
Institutional review boards.
BMJ (Clinical research ed.) 1989;298(6683):1268-9.
1989: Don Marquis; Ron Stephens; Robert J Levine
The doctor's unproven belief and the subject's informed choice: another commentary.
IRB 1989;11(3):8-11.
1989: Robert J Levine
An IRB-approved protocol on the use of human fetal tissue.
IRB 1989;11(2):7-8.
1988: Robert J Levine
Postmarketing surveillance--some ethical considerations.
The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement 1988;17():34-9.
1988: Robert J Levine
Uncertainty in clinical research.
Law, medicine & health care : a publication of the American Society of Law & Medicine 1988;16(3-4):174-82.
1988: G B Melton; Robert J Levine; G P Koocher; R Rosenthal; W C Thompson
Community consultation in socially sensitive research. Lessons from clinical trials of treatments for AIDS.
The American psychologist 1988;43(7):573-81.
1988: Robert J Levine
Postmarketing surveillance -- some ethical considerations.
The Journal of rheumatology. Supplement 1988;15(Suppl. 17):34-9.
1988: Robert J Levine
Protection of human subjects of biomedical research in the United States. A contrast with recent experience in the United Kingdom.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1988;530():133-43.
1987: Jerry W McLarty; Robert J Levine
How many subjects are required for a study?
IRB 1987;9(5):1-3.
1987: Robert J Levine
The apparent incompatibility between informed consent and placebo-controlled clinical trials.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1987;42(3):247-9.
1987: Robert J Levine
FDA's new rule on treatment use and sale of investigational new drugs.
IRB 1987;9(4):1-4.
1987: Laurence F McMahon Jr; D Fleischer; Robert J Levine; K Mohan; A Holder; EP Steinberg; H O Conn; E Atkins; H M Spiro
Emerging technology. Patient protection versus proliferation. Symposium.
Journal of clinical gastroenterology 1987;9(3):258-73.
1987: Robert J Levine
AIDS treatment drugs: clinical trials and compassionate use.
AIDS & public policy journal 1987;2(2):6-8.
1987: Robert J Levine
Medical ethics and personal doctors: conflicts between what we teach and what we want.
American journal of law & medicine 1987;13(2-3):351-64.
1986: Robert J Levine
Referral of patients with cancer for participation in randomized clinical trials: ethical considerations.
CA: a cancer journal for clinicians 1986;36(2):95-9.
1986: Robert J Levine
Research that could yield marketable products from human materials: the problem of informed consent.
IRB 1986;8(1):6-7.
1985: R L Van Citters; C B Bauer; L K Christopherson; R C Eberhart; D M Eddy; R L Frye; A R Jonsen; Kenneth H Keller; Robert J Levine; D C McGoon
Artificial heart and assist devices: directions, needs, costs, societal and ethical issues.
Artificial organs 1985;9(4):375-415.
1985: Robert J Levine
Institutional review boards and collaborations between academia and industry: some counterproductive policies and practices.
Circulation 1985;72(2 Pt 2):I48-50.
1985: Robert J Levine; Arthur Schafer
The use of placebos in randomized clinical trials.
IRB 1985;7(2):1-6.
1985: Thomas A Shannon; Ira S Ockene; Robert J Levine
Approving high risk, rejecting low risk: the case of two cases.
IRB 1985;7(1):6-8.
1984: Robert J Levine
Total artificial heart implantation--eligibility criteria.
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 1984;252(11):1458-9.
1984: Robert J Levine
What kinds of subjects can understand this protocol?
IRB 1984;6(5):6-8.
1984: Jan van Eys; Robert J Levine
The concept of the IRB and bureaucratic reality: an exchange of letters.
IRB 1984;6(4):8-10.
1984: Nancy Haldeman; Robert J Levine
Educating IRBs on ethical issues.
IRB 1984;6(3):10-1.
1984: Robert J Levine; Martin D Katz; Jerry Goldman
Inconsistency and IRBs: flaws in the Goldman-Katz study.
IRB 1984;6(1):4-8.
1983: Robert J Levine; Kathleen A Nolan
Do not resuscitate decisions: a policy.
Connecticut medicine 1983;47(8):511-2.
1983: Robert J Levine
Research involving children: an interpretation of the new regulations.
IRB 1983;5(4):1-5.
1983: Robert J Levine
Informed consent in research and practice. Similarities and differences.
Archives of internal medicine 1983;143(6):1229-31.
1983: M Harvey; Robert J Levine
The risk of research procedures: methodologic problems and proposed standards.
Clinical research 1983;31(2):126-39.
1982: Robert J Levine
Consent to incomplete disclosure as an alternative to deception: case study.
IRB 1982;4(10):9-11.
1982: Nancy Neveloff Dubler; Robert J Levine
The burdens of research in prisons.
IRB 1982;4(9):9-11.
1982: Michael S Jellinek; Robert J Levine
IRBs and pharmaceutical company funding of research.
IRB 1982;4(8):9-10.
1982: Robert J Levine
Research on prisoners: why not?
IRB 1982;4(5):6.
1982: T M Grundner; Robert J Levine; Alan Meisel
More on making consent forms more readable.
IRB 1982;4(1):8-9.
1982: Alexander M Capron; Robert J Levine
A concluding and possibly final exchange about "therapy" and "research.
IRB 1982;4(1):10-1.
1981: Robert J Levine
Can (or should) the IRB assume the FDA's functions at early stages of the IND process?
IRB 1981;3(10):4-5.
1981: Robert J Levine
What should subjects be told about withdrawing from a protocol?
IRB 1981;3(9):9-10.
1981: E L Pattullo; Robert J Levine
How general an assurance?
IRB 1981;3(5):8-9.
1981: Robert J Levine
Drug testing in prisons.
Progress in clinical and biological research 1981;76():73-8.
1980: Robert J Levine
The impact of institutional review boards on clinical research.
Perspectives in biology and medicine 1980;23(2):Unknown.
1980: Robert J Levine
The Senate's proposed statutory definition of 'voluntary and informed consent'
IRB 1980;2(4):8-10.
1980: John A Robertson; David H Smith; Robert J Levine
Research on the brain-dead.
IRB 1980;2(4):4-8.
1980: Robert J Levine
Medical students as social scientists: are there role conflicts?
IRB 1980;2(1):6-8.
1979: Robert J Levine
The future of clinical research.
The New England journal of medicine 1979;301(23):1295-6.
1979: Robert J Levine
Changing federal regulation of IRB's, part II: DHEW's and FDA's proposed regulations.
IRB 1979;1(7):1-5+.
1979: Robert J Levine
What should consent forms say about cash payments?
IRB 1979;1(6):7-8.
1979: Robert J Levine
Deceiving dentists: health care providers as 'subjects at risk'
IRB 1979;1(5):7-8.
1979: Robert J Levine
Regulation of the use of human tissues and body fluids as research materials--current modifications.
Biochemical pharmacology 1979;28(12):1893-5.
1979: Robert J Levine
Clarifying the concepts of research ethics.
The Hastings Center report 1979;9(3):21-6.
1979: Robert J Levine; Karen A Lebacqz
Ethical considerations in clinical trials.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1979;25(5):728-41.
1979: Robert J Levine; K Lebacqz
Some ethical considerations in clinical trials.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics 1979;25(5 Pt 2):728-41.
1979: Robert J Levine
Advice on compensation: more responses to DHEW's 'interim final regulation'
IRB 1979;1(2):5-7.
1979: Robert J Levine
Advice on compensation: one IRB's response to DHEW's 'interim final regulation'
IRB 1979;1(1):5.
1979: Robert J Levine
Changing federal regulation of IRB's: the Commission's recommendations and the FDA's proposals.
IRB 1979;1(1):1-3+.
1978: Robert J Levine
Metaethics and the new biology.
The Pharos of Alpha Omega Alpha-Honor Medical Society. Alpha Omega Alpha 1978;41(2):36.
1978: Robert J Levine
Research Involving Children: The National Commission's report.
Clinical research 1978;26(2):61-6.
1977: Robert J Levine
Nondevelopmental research on human subjects: the impact of the recommendations of the National Commission.
Federation proceedings 1977;36(10):2359-64.
1977: Robert J Levine
Recommendations of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research: impact on research in pharmacology. Introduction.
Federation proceedings 1977;36(10):2341-3.
1977: Karen Lebacqz; Robert J Levine
Respect for persons and informed consent to participate in research.
Clinical research 1977;25(3):101-7.
1977: Robert J Levine
Informed consent to participate in research: Part II.
Bioethics digest 1977;1(12):1-16.
1977: Robert J Levine
Informed consent to participate in research.
Bioethics digest 1977;1(11):1-13.
1977: Robert J Levine
The impact on fetal research of the report of the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.
Villanova law review 1977;22(2):367-83.
1976: A R Holder; Robert J Levine
Informed consent for research on specimens obtained at autopsy or surgery: a case study in the overprotection of human subjects.
Clinical research 1976;24(2):68-77.
1975: Robert J Levine
Experiments on people. In comment. . .
JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association 1975;232(3):259-61.
1975: Robert J Levine
Symposium on definitions of fetal life.
Clinical research 1975;23(3):103-5.
1975: Robert J Levine; R A Kreisberg
Position statement of the American Federation for Clinical Research on the DHEW proposed rules on protection of human subjects.
Clinical research 1975;23(2):53-60.
1974: Robert J Levine
Guidelines for negotiating informed consent with prospective subjects of experimentation.
Clinical research 1974;22(2):42-6.
1973: Robert J Levine
Symposium--ethics of human experimentation.
Clinical research 1973;21(4):774-6.
1973: Robert J Levine
Ethical considerations in the publication of the results of research involving human subjects.
Clinical research 1973;21(4):763-7.