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Erwin London

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Timothy J Larocca; Jorge L Benach; Salvatore Chiantia; Priyadarshini Pathak; John R Silvius; Alvaro Toledo; Erwin London
Proving Lipid Rafts Exist: Membrane Domains in the Prokaryote Borrelia burgdorferi Have the Same Properties as Eukaryotic Lipid Rafts.
Salvatore Chiantia; Erwin London
Sphingolipids and membrane domains: recent advances.
Jameson T Crowley; Timothy J LaRocca; Erwin London; Alvaro M Toledo; James L Coleman; Jorge L Benach
Lipid exchange between Borrelia burgdorferi and host cells.

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All Publications

2013: Timothy J Larocca; Jorge L Benach; Salvatore Chiantia; Priyadarshini Pathak; John R Silvius; Alvaro Toledo; Erwin London
Proving Lipid Rafts Exist: Membrane Domains in the Prokaryote Borrelia burgdorferi Have the Same Properties as Eukaryotic Lipid Rafts.
PLoS pathogens 2013;9(5):e1003353.
2013: Salvatore Chiantia; Erwin London
Sphingolipids and membrane domains: recent advances.
Handbook of experimental pharmacology 2013;215():33-55.
2013: Jameson T Crowley; Timothy J LaRocca; Erwin London; Alvaro M Toledo; James L Coleman; Jorge L Benach
Lipid exchange between Borrelia burgdorferi and host cells.
PLoS pathogens 2013;9(1):e1003109.
2013: Mijin Son; Erwin London
The dependence of lipid asymmetry upon phosphatidylcholine acyl chain structure.
Journal of lipid research 2013;54(1):223-31.
2012: Salvatore Chiantia; Erwin London
Acyl chain length and saturation modulate interleaflet coupling in asymmetric bilayers: effects on dynamics and structural order.
Biophysical journal 2012;103(11):2311-9.
2012: Salvatore Chiantia; Andrey S Klymchenko; Erwin London
A novel leaflet-selective fluorescence labeling technique reveals differences between inner and outer leaflets at high bilayer curvature.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2012;1818(5):1284-90.
2011: Priyadarshini Pathak; Erwin London
Measurement of lipid nanodomain (raft) formation and size in sphingomyelin/POPC/cholesterol vesicles shows TX-100 and transmembrane helices increase domain size by coalescing preexisting nanodomains but do not induce domain formation.
Biophysical journal 2011;101(10):2417-25.
2011: Hui-Ting Cheng; Erwin London
Preparation and properties of asymmetric large unilamellar vesicles: interleaflet coupling in asymmetric vesicles is dependent on temperature but not curvature.
Biophysical journal 2011;100(11):2671-8.
2011: Salvatore Chiantia; Petra Schwille; Andrey S Klymchenko; Erwin London
Asymmetric GUVs prepared by MβCD-mediated lipid exchange: an FCS study.
Biophysical journal 2011;100(1):L1-3.
2010: Lindsay D Nelson; Salvatore Chiantia; Erwin London
Perfringolysin O association with ordered lipid domains: implications for transmembrane protein raft affinity.
Biophysical journal 2010;99(10):3255-63.
2010: Timothy J LaRocca; Jameson T Crowley; Brian J Cusack; Priyadarshini Pathak; Jordi Benach; Erwin London; Juan Carlos Garcia-Monco; Jorge L Benach
Cholesterol lipids of Borrelia burgdorferi form lipid rafts and are required for the bactericidal activity of a complement-independent antibody.
Cell host & microbe 2010;8(4):331-42.
2010: Bing Lai; Rakhi Agarwal; Lindsay D Nelson; Subramanyam Swaminathan; Erwin London
Low pH-induced pore formation by the T domain of botulinum toxin type A is dependent upon NaCl concentration.
The Journal of membrane biology 2010;236(2):191-201.
2010: Khurshida Shahidullah; Shyam S Krishnakumar; Erwin London
The effect of hydrophilic substitutions and anionic lipids upon the transverse positioning of the transmembrane helix of the ErbB2 (neu) protein incorporated into model membrane vesicles.
Journal of molecular biology 2010;396(1):209-20.
2009: Jie Wang; Erwin London
The membrane topography of the diphtheria toxin T domain linked to the a chain reveals a transient transmembrane hairpin and potential translocation mechanisms.
Biochemistry 2009;48(43):10446-56.
2009: Erwin London; Khurshida Shahidullah
Transmembrane vs. non-transmembrane hydrophobic helix topography in model and natural membranes.
Current opinion in structural biology 2009;19(4):464-72.
2009: Gang Zhao; Erwin London
Strong correlation between statistical transmembrane tendency and experimental hydrophobicity scales for identification of transmembrane helices.
The Journal of membrane biology 2009;229(3):165-8.
2009: Hui-Ting Cheng; Erwin London
Preparation and properties of asymmetric vesicles that mimic cell membranes: effect upon lipid raft formation and transmembrane helix orientation.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2009;284(10):6079-92.
2008: Khurshida Shahidullah; Erwin London
Effect of lipid composition on the topography of membrane-associated hydrophobic helices: stabilization of transmembrane topography by anionic lipids.
Journal of molecular biology 2008;379(4):704-18.
2008: Bing Lai; Gang Zhao; Erwin London
Behavior of the deeply inserted helices in diphtheria toxin T domain: helices 5, 8, and 9 interact strongly and promote pore formation, while helices 6/7 limit pore formation.
Biochemistry 2008;47(15):4565-74.
2008: Lindsay D Nelson; Arthur E Johnson; Erwin London
How interaction of perfringolysin O with membranes is controlled by sterol structure, lipid structure, and physiological low pH: insights into the origin of perfringolysin O-lipid raft interaction.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2008;283(8):4632-42.
2007: Omar Bakht; Priyadarshini Pathak; Erwin London
Effect of the structure of lipids favoring disordered domain formation on the stability of cholesterol-containing ordered domains (lipid rafts): identification of multiple raft-stabilization mechanisms.
Biophysical journal 2007;93(12):4307-18.
2007: Shyam S Krishnakumar; Erwin London
The control of transmembrane helix transverse position in membranes by hydrophilic residues.
Journal of molecular biology 2007;374(5):1251-69.
2007: Shyam S Krishnakumar; Erwin London
Effect of sequence hydrophobicity and bilayer width upon the minimum length required for the formation of transmembrane helices in membranes.
Journal of molecular biology 2007;374(3):671-87.
2007: Peter Sawatzki; Thomas Kolter; Robert Bittman; Erwin London
Effect of ceramide N-acyl chain and polar headgroup structure on the properties of ordered lipid domains (lipid rafts).
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2007;1768(9):2205-12.
2007: Omar Bakht; Javier Delgado; Francisco Amat-Guerri; A Ulises Acuña; Erwin London
The phenyltetraene lysophospholipid analog PTE-ET-18-OMe as a fluorescent anisotropy probe of liquid ordered membrane domains (lipid rafts) and ceramide-rich membrane domains.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2007;1768(9):2213-21.
2007: Kentaro Fujita; Shyam S Krishnakumar; David Franco; Aniko V Paul; Erwin London; Eckard Wimmer
Membrane topography of the hydrophobic anchor sequence of poliovirus 3A and 3AB proteins and the functional effect of 3A/3AB membrane association upon RNA replication.
Biochemistry 2007;46(17):5185-99.
2007: Omar Bakht; Erwin London
Detecting ordered domain formation (lipid rafts) in model membranes using Tempo.
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) 2007;398():29-40.
2006: Dawn White; Abdiwahab Musse; Jie Wang; Erwin London; A Rod Merrill
Toward elucidating the membrane topology of helix two of the colicin E1 channel domain.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2006;281(43):32375-84.
2006: Omar Bakht; Erwin London
Cholesterol precursors stabilize ordinary and ceramide-rich ordered lipid domains (lipid rafts) to different degrees. Implications for the Bloch hypothesis and sterol biosynthesis disorders.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2006;281(31):21903-13.
2006: Gang Zhao; Erwin London
An amino acid "transmembrane tendency" scale that approaches the theoretical limit to accuracy for prediction of transmembrane helices: relationship to biological hydrophobicity.
Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society 2006;15(8):1987-2001.
2006: Jie Wang; Michael P Rosconi; Erwin London
Topography of the hydrophilic helices of membrane-inserted diphtheria toxin T domain: TH1-TH3 as a hydrophilic tether.
Biochemistry 2006;45(26):8124-34.
2006: Abdiwahab Musse; Jie Wang; Gladys P Deleon; Gerry A Prentice; Erwin London; A Rod Merrill
Scanning the membrane-bound conformation of helix 1 in the colicin E1 channel domain by site-directed fluorescence labeling.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2006;281(2):885-95.
2005: Erwin London
How principles of domain formation in model membranes may explain ambiguities concerning lipid raft formation in cells.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2005;1746(3):203-20.
2005: Hidehiko Shogomori; Adam T Hammond; Anne G Ostermeyer-Fay; Daniel Barr; Gerald W Feigenson; Erwin London; Deborah A Brown
Palmitoylation and intracellular domain interactions both contribute to raft targeting of linker for activation of T cells.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2005;280(19):18931-42.
2005: Gang Zhao; Erwin London
Behavior of diphtheria toxin T domain containing substitutions that block normal membrane insertion at Pro345 and Leu307: control of deep membrane insertion and coupling between deep insertion of hydrophobic subdomains.
Biochemistry 2005;44(11):4488-98.
2005: Masatoshi Hayashibara; Erwin London
Topography of diphtheria toxin A chain inserted into lipid vesicles.
Biochemistry 2005;44(6):2183-96.
2004: Michael P Rosconi; Gang Zhao; Erwin London
Analyzing topography of membrane-inserted diphtheria toxin T domain using BODIPY-streptavidin: at low pH, helices 8 and 9 form a transmembrane hairpin but helices 5-7 form stable nonclassical inserted segments on the cis side of the bilayer.
Biochemistry 2004;43(28):9127-39.
2004: Gregory A Caputo; Erwin London
Position and ionization state of Asp in the core of membrane-inserted alpha helices control both the equilibrium between transmembrane and nontransmembrane helix topography and transmembrane helix positioning.
Biochemistry 2004;43(27):8794-806.
2004: Erwin London
Ceramide selectively displaces cholesterol from ordered lipid domains (rafts): implications for lipid raft structure and function.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2004;279(11):9997-10004.
2004: Jiwei Wang; Erwin London
Relationship between sterol/steroid structure and participation in ordered lipid domains (lipid rafts): implications for lipid raft structure and function.
Biochemistry 2004;43(4):1010-8.
2003: Michael E Fastenberg; Hidehiko Shogomori; Xiaolian Xu; Deborah A Brown; Erwin London
Exclusion of a transmembrane-type peptide from ordered-lipid domains (rafts) detected by fluorescence quenching: extension of quenching analysis to account for the effects of domain size and domain boundaries.
Biochemistry 2003;42(42):12376-90.
2003: Scott Lew; Gregory A Caputo; Erwin London
The effect of interactions involving ionizable residues flanking membrane-inserted hydrophobic helices upon helix-helix interaction.
Biochemistry 2003;42(36):10833-42.
2003: Gregory A Caputo; Erwin London
Cumulative effects of amino acid substitutions and hydrophobic mismatch upon the transmembrane stability and conformation of hydrophobic alpha-helices.
Biochemistry 2003;42(11):3275-85.
2003: Gregory A Caputo; Erwin London
Using a novel dual fluorescence quenching assay for measurement of tryptophan depth within lipid bilayers to determine hydrophobic alpha-helix locations within membranes.
Biochemistry 2003;42(11):3265-74.
2002: Erwin London
Insights into lipid raft structure and formation from experiments in model membranes.
Current opinion in structural biology 2002;12(4):480-6.
2002: Michael P Rosconi; Erwin London
Topography of helices 5-7 in membrane-inserted diphtheria toxin T domain: identification and insertion boundaries of two hydrophobic sequences that do not form a stable transmembrane hairpin.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2002;277(19):16517-27.
2002: Kelli Hammond; Gregory A Caputo; Erwin London
Interaction of the membrane-inserted diphtheria toxin T domain with peptides and its possible implications for chaperone-like T domain behavior.
Biochemistry 2002;41(9):3243-53.
2002: Savita Dhanvantari; Irina Arnaoutova; Chris R Snell; Peter J Steinbach; Kelli Hammond; Gregory A Caputo; Erwin London; Y Peng Loh
Carboxypeptidase E, a prohormone sorting receptor, is anchored to secretory granules via a C-terminal transmembrane insertion.
Biochemistry 2002;41(1):52-60.
2001: Xiaolian Xu; R Bittman; Guy Duportail; D Heissler; C Vilcheze; Erwin London
Effect of the structure of natural sterols and sphingolipids on the formation of ordered sphingolipid/sterol domains (rafts). Comparison of cholesterol to plant, fungal, and disease-associated sterols and comparison of sphingomyelin, cerebrosides, and ceramide.
The Journal of biological chemistry 2001;276(36):33540-6.
2000: Erwin London; Deborah A Brown
Insolubility of lipids in triton X-100: physical origin and relationship to sphingolipid/cholesterol membrane domains (rafts).
Biochimica et biophysica acta 2000;1508(1-2):182-95.
2000: Scott Lew; J Ren; Erwin London
The effects of polar and/or ionizable residues in the core and flanking regions of hydrophobic helices on transmembrane conformation and oligomerization.
Biochemistry 2000;39(32):9632-40.
2000: Xiaolian Xu; Erwin London
The effect of sterol structure on membrane lipid domains reveals how cholesterol can induce lipid domain formation.
Biochemistry 2000;39(5):843-9.
2000: Erwin London; Deborah A Brown; Xiaolian Xu
Fluorescence quenching assay of sphingolipid/phospholipid phase separation in model membranes.
Methods in enzymology 2000;312():272-90.
1999: JC Sharpe; K Kachel; Erwin London
The effects of inhibitors upon pore formation by diphtheria toxin and diphtheria toxin T domain.
The Journal of membrane biology 1999;171(3):223-33.
1999: JC Sharpe; Erwin London
Diphtheria toxin forms pores of different sizes depending on its concentration in membranes: probable relationship to oligomerization.
The Journal of membrane biology 1999;171(3):209-21.
1999: J Ren; K Kachel; H Kim; SE Malenbaum; R. John Collier; Erwin London
Interaction of diphtheria toxin T domain with molten globule-like proteins and its implications for translocation.
Science (New York, N.Y.) 1999;284(5416):955-7.
1999: J Ren; Scott Lew; J Wang; Erwin London
Control of the transmembrane orientation and interhelical interactions within membranes by hydrophobic helix length.
Biochemistry 1999;38(18):5905-12.
1999: J Ren; JC Sharpe; R. John Collier; Erwin London
Membrane translocation of charged residues at the tips of hydrophobic helices in the T domain of diphtheria toxin.
Biochemistry 1999;38(3):976-84.
1998: SE Malenbaum; R. John Collier; Erwin London
Membrane topography of the T domain of diphtheria toxin probed with single tryptophan mutants.
Biochemistry 1998;37(51):17915-22.
1998: R D Kaiser; Erwin London
Determination of the depth of BODIPY probes in model membranes by parallax analysis of fluorescence quenching.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 1998;1375(1-2):13-22.
1998: SE Malenbaum; A Rod Merrill; Erwin London
Membrane-inserted colicin E1 channel domain: a topological survey by fluorescence quenching suggests that model membrane thickness affects membrane penetration.
Journal of natural toxins 1998;7(3):269-90.
1998: K Kachel; E Asuncion-Punzalan; Erwin London
The location of fluorescence probes with charged groups in model membranes.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 1998;1374(1-2):63-76.
1998: K Kachel; J Ren; R. John Collier; Erwin London
Identifying transmembrane states and defining the membrane insertion boundaries of hydrophobic helices in membrane-inserted diphtheria toxin T domain.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1998;273(36):22950-6.
1998: D A Brown; Erwin London
Structure and origin of ordered lipid domains in biological membranes.
The Journal of membrane biology 1998;164(2):103-14.
1998: R D Kaiser; Erwin London
Location of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) and its derivatives within membranes: comparison of different fluorescence quenching analyses of membrane depth.
Biochemistry 1998;37(22):8180-90.
1998: E Asuncion-Punzalan; K Kachel; Erwin London
Groups with polar characteristics can locate at both shallow and deep locations in membranes: the behavior of dansyl and related probes.
Biochemistry 1998;37(13):4603-11.
1998: R J Schroeder; S N Ahmed; Y Zhu; Erwin London; Deborah A Brown
Cholesterol and sphingolipid enhance the Triton X-100 insolubility of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins by promoting the formation of detergent-insoluble ordered membrane domains.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1998;273(2):1150-7.
1998: Deborah A Brown; Erwin London
Functions of lipid rafts in biological membranes.
Annual review of cell and developmental biology 1998;14():111-36.
1997: Yousong Wang; K Kachel; L Pablo; Erwin London
Use of Trp mutations to evaluate the conformational behavior and membrane insertion of A and B chains in whole diphtheria toxin.
Biochemistry 1997;36(51):16300-8.
1997: D A Brown; Erwin London
Structure of detergent-resistant membrane domains: does phase separation occur in biological membranes?
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1997;240(1):1-7.
1997: Yousong Wang; SE Malenbaum; K Kachel; H Zhan; R. John Collier; Erwin London
Identification of shallow and deep membrane-penetrating forms of diphtheria toxin T domain that are regulated by protein concentration and bilayer width.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1997;272(40):25091-8.
1997: S N Ahmed; Deborah A Brown; Erwin London
On the origin of sphingolipid/cholesterol-rich detergent-insoluble cell membranes: physiological concentrations of cholesterol and sphingolipid induce formation of a detergent-insoluble, liquid-ordered lipid phase in model membranes.
Biochemistry 1997;36(36):10944-53.
1997: J Ren; Scott Lew; Zuncai Wang; Erwin London
Transmembrane orientation of hydrophobic alpha-helices is regulated both by the relationship of helix length to bilayer thickness and by the cholesterol concentration.
Biochemistry 1997;36(33):10213-20.
1997: S Lew; Erwin London
Simple procedure for reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic purification of long hydrophobic peptides that form transmembrane helices.
Analytical biochemistry 1997;251(1):113-6.
1997: JC Sharpe; Erwin London
Inadvertent concentrating of EDTA by ion exchange chromatography: avoiding artifacts that can interfere with protein purification.
Analytical biochemistry 1997;250(1):124-5.
1996: R Paliwal; Erwin London
Comparison of the conformation, hydrophobicity, and model membrane interactions of diphtheria toxin to those of formaldehyde-treated toxin (diphtheria toxoid): formaldehyde stabilization of the native conformation inhibits changes that allow membrane insertion.
Biochemistry 1996;35(7):2374-9.
1995: K Kachel; E Asuncion-Punzalan; Erwin London
Anchoring of tryptophan and tyrosine analogs at the hydrocarbon-polar boundary in model membrane vesicles: parallax analysis of fluorescence quenching induced by nitroxide-labeled phospholipids.
Biochemistry 1995;34(47):15475-9.
1995: D Tortorella; Dorothea Sesardic; C S Dawes; Erwin London
Immunochemical analysis shows all three domains of diphtheria toxin penetrate across model membranes.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1995;270(46):27446-52.
1995: D Tortorella; Dorothea Sesardic; C S Dawes; Erwin London
Immunochemical analysis of the structure of diphtheria toxin shows all three domains undergo structural changes at low pH.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1995;270(46):27439-45.
1995: E Asuncion-Punzalan; Erwin London
Control of the depth of molecules within membranes by polar groups: determination of the location of anthracene-labeled probes in model membranes by parallax analysis of nitroxide-labeled phospholipid induced fluorescence quenching.
Biochemistry 1995;34(36):11460-6.
1994: R Schroeder; Erwin London; D Brown
Interactions between saturated acyl chains confer detergent resistance on lipids and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins: GPI-anchored proteins in liposomes and cells show similar behavior.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1994;91(25):12130-4.
1994: D Tortorella; Erwin London
Method for efficient pelleting of small unilamellar model membrane vesicles.
Analytical biochemistry 1994;217(2):176-80.
1993: F S Abrams; Erwin London
Extension of the parallax analysis of membrane penetration depth to the polar region of model membranes: use of fluorescence quenching by a spin-label attached to the phospholipid polar headgroup.
Biochemistry 1993;32(40):10826-31.
1993: D Tortorella; Nancy D Ulbrandt; Erwin London
Simple centrifugation method for efficient pelleting of both small and large unilamellar vesicles that allows convenient measurement of protein binding.
Biochemistry 1993;32(35):9181-8.
1993: Erwin London; Nancy D Ulbrandt; D Tortorella; Jean Jiang; F S Abrams
Insights into membrane protein folding and translocation from the behavior of bacterial toxins: models for membrane translocation.
Society of General Physiologists series 1993;48():45-61.
1992: Erwin London
How bacterial protein toxins enter cells; the role of partial unfolding in membrane translocation.
Molecular microbiology 1992;6(22):3277-82.
1992: Nancy D Ulbrandt; Erwin London; D B Oliver
Deep penetration of a portion of Escherichia coli SecA protein into model membranes is promoted by anionic phospholipids and by partial unfolding.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1992;267(21):15184-92.
1992: F S Abrams; A Chattopadhyay; Erwin London
Determination of the location of fluorescent probes attached to fatty acids using parallax analysis of fluorescence quenching: effect of carboxyl ionization state and environment on depth.
Biochemistry 1992;31(23):5322-7.
1992: F S Abrams; Erwin London
Calibration of the parallax fluorescence quenching method for determination of membrane penetration depth: refinement and comparison of quenching by spin-labeled and brominated lipids.
Biochemistry 1992;31(23):5312-22.
1992: Erwin London
Diphtheria toxin: membrane interaction and membrane translocation.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 1992;1113(1):25-51.
1991: Jean Jiang; L A Chung; Erwin London
Self-translocation of diphtheria toxin across model membranes.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1991;266(35):24003-10.
1991: Jean Jiang; F S Abrams; Erwin London
Folding changes in membrane-inserted diphtheria toxin that may play important roles in its translocation.
Biochemistry 1991;30(16):3857-64.
1990: J Kieleczawa; J M Zhao; C L Luongo; L Y Dong; Erwin London
The effect of high pH upon diphtheria toxin conformation and model membrane association: role of partial unfolding.
Archives of biochemistry and biophysics 1990;282(2):214-20.
1990: Jean Jiang; Erwin London
Involvement of denaturation-like changes in Pseudomonas exotoxin a hydrophobicity and membrane penetration determined by characterization of pH and thermal transitions. Roles of two distinct conformationally altered states.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1990;265(15):8636-41.
1989: Erwin London; C L Luongo
Domain-specific bias in arginine/lysine usage by protein toxins.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1989;160(1):333-9.
1988: J M Zhao; Erwin London
Conformation and model membrane interactions of diphtheria toxin fragment A.
The Journal of biological chemistry 1988;263(30):15369-77.
1988: J M Zhao; Erwin London
Localization of the active site of diphtheria toxin.
Biochemistry 1988;27(9):3398-403.
1988: L A Chung; Erwin London
Interaction of diphtheria toxin with model membranes.
Biochemistry 1988;27(4):1245-53.
1988: A Chattopadhyay; Erwin London
Spectroscopic and ionization properties of N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-labeled lipids in model membranes.
Biochimica et biophysica acta 1988;938(1):24-34.
1986: J M Zhao; Erwin London
Similarity of the conformation of diphtheria toxin at high temperature to that in the membrane-penetrating low-pH state.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1986;83(7):2002-6.
1985: M G Blewitt; L A Chung; Erwin London
Effect of pH on the conformation of diphtheria toxin and its implications for membrane penetration.
Biochemistry 1985;24(20):5458-64.
1984: M G Blewitt; J M Chao; B McKeever; R Sarma; Erwin London
Fluorescence characterization of the low pH-induced change in diphtheria toxin conformation: effect of salt.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications 1984;120(1):286-90.